從句中which的的正確用法是什么
從句中which的的正確用法是什么
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞Which若先行詞指物則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，以下是由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理關(guān)于從句中which的用法的內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡!
從句中which的用法
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行詞 指物代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行詞 指物代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)
下面是他和that在定語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別及用法：
that \which在代物時(shí)常常可以通用,但有時(shí)只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí).
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新開(kāi)放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物時(shí)常?？梢酝ㄓ?但有時(shí)只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者它的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反對(duì)空氣污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞,或它的前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行詞是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代詞時(shí)
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行詞前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等詞修飾時(shí)
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (滿(mǎn)分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另外一個(gè)宜用that
Edison built up a factory(辦了一個(gè)工廠(chǎng)) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞 Where的用法:若先行詞指地點(diǎn)且其在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
This is the house+I was born in the house.(=I was born there)
介詞短語(yǔ) 副詞
=This is the house where I was born.這就是我在那兒出生的房子.
先行詞 關(guān)系副詞
in which I was born.
介詞+關(guān)系代詞
which I was born in.
關(guān)系代詞
這里作介賓的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
which的一般用法
1、在后置的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中代替上文出現(xiàn)的事物或情況(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))。
2、在問(wèn)句中作為疑問(wèn)代詞，在名詞從句中作為連接代詞用，其含義為“哪個(gè)、哪些”。
3、如果非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞不是指主句內(nèi)容，而是指具體的人、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，則不用which。
定語(yǔ)從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別
that和which在從句里都可以做賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。在定語(yǔ)從句中,有種說(shuō)法叫"關(guān)賓省"，意思是關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)可以省略，不管是that，which，還是whom。但是which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that則不行。
其次，記得以下只能用that的幾種情況：
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)。
如：
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有關(guān)此事，凡是你所知道的請(qǐng)告訴我。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)。
如：You can take any seat that is free.
任何空著的座位你都可以坐。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。
如：
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.
這是我們校本學(xué)期放映的第四部電影。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
如：
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.
這是我讀過(guò)的一本最有趣的故事書(shū)。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時(shí)。
如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
我們唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行詞被the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have.
我需要有你一樣的書(shū)。
6. 當(dāng)先行詞既包含人又包含物時(shí)。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。
7. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞who，which，what或主句以這些詞開(kāi)頭時(shí)。
如：
Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?
曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過(guò)的誰(shuí)不欽佩他?
8. 當(dāng)先行詞為主句表語(yǔ)或關(guān)系代詞為從句表語(yǔ)時(shí)。
如：
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.
我們的學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在已不是過(guò)去的那個(gè)樣子了。
9. 先行詞為time時(shí)，當(dāng)time表示次數(shù)，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 可省略。 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間，可用that或when引導(dǎo)，都可省略。
如：
I did't remember the exact time (when/that) I arrived in Shanghai last month.
我不記得上個(gè)月到達(dá)上海的確切時(shí)間了。
最后，請(qǐng)注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:
1. 在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。
如：
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書(shū)。
注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語(yǔ)從句的句首， which就可換為that， 例如：
This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過(guò)的問(wèn)題。
2. 先行詞為“those+表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。
如：You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
你應(yīng)該掌握好這些可以用到未來(lái)工作中的技能。
最后，記得這個(gè)特殊情況吧：當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時(shí)，可以用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于介詞+which，that可以省略。
如：
He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.
他不喜歡她對(duì)他的母親那樣說(shuō)話(huà)。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.
很難想象，他開(kāi)車(chē)開(kāi)得那么快。
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