英語中比較級than的正確用法是什么
比較級than相信大家都不陌生,那么它有哪些使用方法呢?以下是由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理關(guān)于比較級than的用法內(nèi)容,希望大家喜歡!
比較級than的用法
一、用于對兩者進行比較。在 than 后面的比較狀語從句內(nèi),與主句相同部分可省略,而不同部分須寫出。有時 than 后的從句有主語、謂語顛倒現(xiàn)象
This multimedia computer works better than my PC (或 personal computer). 這臺多媒體計算機比我的個人計算機運作得好。
We can hear sounds with frequencies greater than 16 and less than 20,000vibrations per second. 我們能聽到頻率為每秒鐘大于 16 次和小于 20,000 次振動的聲音。(比較級形容詞短語作后置定語。)
This work is more difficult than I thought. 這項工作比我原先想的還要艱巨。
In some places, the oceans are deeper than a mountain is high. 有些地方海洋深度大于山峰的高度。
The bridge will be completed earlier than (it will) when I am out. 這座橋的竣工時間將比我外出不在時還提前。(意譯)
Copper wire allows a larger current than does iron wire. 銅絲容許通過的電流比鐵絲大。(does 為代動詞。注意 than 后主語、謂語可能顛倒。)
This condenser is of higher capacity than is actually needed. 這個電容器的容量比實際需要的大. (注意 than 后面的從句省略了主語 it.)
In science, more than in any other human institution, it is necessary to search out the past in order to understand the present and to control the future. 科學(xué)比任何其它社會事業(yè)更需要探索既往,以便了解現(xiàn)在,掌握將來。(本句中兩個不同部分進行比較的是地點狀語,只是其位置在句首而已。譯文也未按原文結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯。)
He is a better than average pianist. 他是位中上等的鋼琴家。
However, under these conditions grass is more sensitive than normal to short age of water. 可是,在這些條件下,草對缺水比正常情況要敏感。
As she was tired after a long walk, she went to bed much earlier than usual. 由于廠距離步行后感到疲乏,她去睡覺就比平時為早。(注意不能用 usually 代替 usual)。
注:注意“more than + 形容詞或分詞”的用法可理解為“很…”或“超過”等。例如:
1)She is more than glad to help others. 她幫助別人感到很高興。
2)I am more than pleased with the result. 我對結(jié)果深為滿意。
3)Then the more-than-human inventor of electric lamps was only 34 years old. 那時這位超人的電燈發(fā)明家才 34 歲。
注:本項內(nèi)的 more 也可改為其它比較級。例如:"Challenger" was travelling in a lower-than-planned or bit. “挑戰(zhàn)者號”那時正在比預(yù)定計劃為低的軌道上運行。
二、單個 more 是 many(“許多”,用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))和 much(“許多”,用于不可數(shù)名詞)的比較級
In this container there is more water than in that one. 這個容器內(nèi)的水比那個容器多。
Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than 2.0 percent. 生鐵是鐵和碳的合金,其中碳含量大于 2.0%。
He has more English books than I (have 或 do). 他的英語書比我多。
三、注意比較級和 than 割裂的情況
This small lamp has a higher resistance than that large one. 這個小燈泡的電阻比那個大燈泡的大。
In this device there are more machine parts than in that one. 在這個裝置內(nèi)機器零件比那個裝置多。
We have collected more materials from the computer network than from the books. 我們從計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集的材料已比從書中收集的多。(意譯)
Our company has produced more mobile phones this year than last year. 我公司今年生產(chǎn)的移動電話比去年多。
有時,比較級和 than 之間甚至插進了一個從句。例如:
In this case you will expect liquids to expand more when (they are) heated thansolids do. 在本情況下,你會料想到液體受熱時要比固體膨脹得多。
You get more tired when you lift a heavy load than a light one. 舉一個重物時,你就覺得比舉一個輕物要累。
四、注意比較級前加 much, a lot, a great deal, many, far, by far, still 或 even, a little, a bit, 數(shù)字 + times, any (如 any more 或 any longer 等用于疑問句或否定句)等
We must unite to win still greater victories. 我們必須團結(jié)起來爭取更大的勝利。
Computers translate English into Chinese much (或 far) faster than we. 計算機英譯漢比我們快得多。
Sound travels much more slowly than light. 聲音的傳播比光慢得多。
T1 is a lot higher than T2 . T1 比 T2 高得多。(句中 a lot 也可用 much 或 a great deal 代之,意思相同。若用 more than ten degrees 代替 a lot,則句意變?yōu)椋篢1 比 T2 高 10 度以上。)
He has learnt many more English words than I. 他學(xué)的英語單詞比我多得多. (由于words 是可數(shù)名詞,故必須用 many, 不能用 much.)
The furnace should be built a little (或 a bit) higher than that one. 這個爐子應(yīng)比那個爐子修建得稍高一點。
This method is far better than that one. 這種方法遠比那種方法好。(也可用 by far 代之,而 by far 置于句末更妥。)
It is even (或 still) faster than the fastest plane. 這比最快的飛機還要(或更)快。
This rod is 4 inches longer than that one. 這根桿比那根長四英寸。(凈增加數(shù)值)
He runs twice faster than I. 他跑步比我快一倍。(通常理解為快一倍,極少理解為快兩倍。)
五、注意 not 和 no 同“比較級 + than”連用時的含義差別(見第 76 節(jié)第二項)
六、以 -or 結(jié)尾的七個形容詞有比較級含意,卻不用 than 連接一個比較狀語從句,而用介詞 to 引出一個被比較的對象
This IP phone is (much 或 far) superior in quality to that one. 這部網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話的質(zhì)量比那部(遠為)優(yōu)越。
My knowledge is (far 或 much) inferior to yours. 我的知識遠遠不如你。
My arrival in Beijing is posterior to that of Prof. Lu. 我比盧教授后到達北京。
注:上述帶 -or 的形容詞比較級一般無相應(yīng)的原級,前面不能用 very 之類副詞修飾。類似的還有 senior(年長于),junior(年幼于),anterior(早于),prior(較先于)等。其中只有 superior 和 inferior 允許前面加 much 或 far。
七、用比較級形式表示最高級含義的方法
The College of Education Building is higher than all other buildings (或 any other buildings) in this town. 在這個城鎮(zhèn)內(nèi),教育學(xué)院大樓比所有(或任何)其它樓高。
He is taller than any his classmates. 他的身材比他的所有同學(xué)高。(把他自己不包括在被比較的范圍內(nèi)。本句不再用 other,因后面 his 已表明。)
The moon is much closer to the earth than any stars. 月亮比任何星球離地球近得多。(月亮不算行星或恒星。不屬于同類比較’就不必加 other。)
八、注意帶比較級的主句中有省略成分
Better to do well than to say well. 說得好不如做得好。(句首省略 It is)
Easier said than done. 說易做難。(完整說法是:It is easier to be said than to bedone. )
九、“the + 比較級……(從句),+ the + 比較級……(主句)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……越……”之意
The more you practise, the more you know. 實踐越多,知道越多。
The warmer water (is), the faster it evaporates. 水越熱,蒸發(fā)得越快。
The smaller the particles (are), the more freely do they move. 粒子越小,動得越自由。(本句第二部分主謂語不顛倒也可,即去掉 do。)
The more you learn, the more you find you don't know. 學(xué)得越多,就發(fā)現(xiàn)知道東西越少。(未按原文結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯。注意第二個 the more 是和 find 后的賓語從句的謂語 don't know 有關(guān)。)
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你越用功,你進步就越大。(當后面的主句為將來時態(tài)時,本句型的從句要用現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。)
The harder the shrub is to grow, the higher (is) the price. 灌木越難長高,其價格就越高。
The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
More haste, worse speed. 欲速則不達。
上述各句中,第一部分是比較狀語從句,第二部分為主句。主句和從句之間的逗號有時就可不用。本句型中的比較級前的 the 并不是冠詞,而是副詞。前面的 the 有 by how much 含義,而后面的 the 有 by so much 含義。本句型常省略某些成分:系動詞 is, are 常可省略(見第 2,3,6 句),有時連主語和謂語都不見了(見第 7 句),甚至比較級前的 the 也都省略了(見第 8 句)。有時主句中主語、謂語可能出現(xiàn)顛倒現(xiàn)象(見第 3 句)。
十、注意“正常語序 + 比較級…(主句),the + 比較級…(從句)”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法
Therefore a compound is considered the more stable, the smaller its potential energy. 因此勢能越小,化合物就被認為越穩(wěn)定。(=Therefore the smaller the potential energy, the more stable a compound is considered. )
You sing the better, the more you practise. 練習(xí)越多就唱得越好。 (the more you practise, the better you sing.)
An object draws the harder, the more matter it contains. 物體含有的質(zhì)量越多,它的引力就越大。(=The more matter an object contains, the harder it draws.)
這里,比較狀語從句在主句之后。這是根據(jù)主句中主語和謂語等句子成分是正常語序,不是“the + 比較級”在句首這種形式來判斷的,但在翻譯時,仍必須先譯從句,后譯主句。
注 1:如果用連詞 when 將主句和從句連接起來,主句和從句仍用比較級以表示“越……越……”含義,則“the + 比較級”不必置于句首,并且其中 the 也根本不必加。例如:When we encounter moredifficulties, we should be more spirited; when we are more at danger, we should be morecourageous. 遇到困難越多,就越應(yīng)振作精神;處境越危險,就越應(yīng)鼓足勇氣。
注 2:有時主句雖無比較級,但仍有詞表示增減含意,而這時比較狀語從句仍在主句后面,仍用“the + 比較級…”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:The temperature of the earth is the higher the deeper you go. 你越往深處探測,地球溫度就越高。
注 3:表示“越……越……”含義的近義句不少,但用法不完全相同. 請參閱第 12 節(jié)、三。
注 4:注意下列句中“the + 形容詞比較級”已名詞化了:There were two rooms in the beach house, the smaller of which served as a kitchen. 那時這幢海濱房子里有兩個房間,其中較小的一間作廚房用。