關(guān)于英語(yǔ)基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
社會(huì)生活的信息化和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的全球化使外語(yǔ),特別是英語(yǔ),已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)對(duì)外開(kāi)放和與國(guó)際交往的重要工具。學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理了關(guān)于英語(yǔ)基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)，歡迎閱讀!
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)一
1. 主語(yǔ)(subject)：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名詞) He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主語(yǔ)從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))
(一)指出下列句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞
?、?The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
?、?There is an old man coming here.
?、?The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
?、?To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 謂語(yǔ)(predicate)：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞
?、?I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
?、?The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
?、?Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
?、?Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表語(yǔ)(predicative)：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. (名詞) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞) He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in.(副詞) The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)
(常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), look(看起來(lái)), feel(摸起來(lái)，smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗、吃起來(lái)), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺(jué))……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
?、?The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
?、?She was the first to learn about it.
4. 賓語(yǔ)：1)動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：
I like China. (名詞) He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)
2) 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-----介賓
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
?、?People all over the world speak English.
?、?You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
?、?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We elected him monitor. (名詞) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名詞)
We will make them happy. (形容詞) We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )
Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語(yǔ)) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (現(xiàn)在分詞) I’ll have my bike repaired. (過(guò)去分詞)
(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
?、?He asked her to take the boy out of school.
?、?She found it difficult to do the work.
?、?They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
?、?Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞) He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world.(數(shù)詞) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過(guò)去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
?、?What is your given name?
?、?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
?、?I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
?、?The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。(以下例句按上述順序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)
?、?There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
?、?He began to learn English when he was eleven.
?、?The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
?、?With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)
① Please tell us a story.
?、?My father bought a new bike for me last week.
?、?Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
?、?Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
參 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
?、?Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 間接賓語(yǔ) a story, 直接賓語(yǔ) ② me, 間接賓語(yǔ) a new bike, 直接賓語(yǔ)
?、?us, 間接賓語(yǔ) history, 直接賓語(yǔ) ④ Tom, 間接賓語(yǔ) it, 直接賓語(yǔ)
?、?me, 間接賓語(yǔ) message, 直接賓語(yǔ)
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)二
英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種句型結(jié)構(gòu)
一、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做飯。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太陽(yáng)在明亮地照耀著。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我們到的時(shí)候他們正在唱歌。
[分析]這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，不需加賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。
二、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?誰(shuí)知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書(shū)。
3. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他說(shuō)：“早上好!”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。
三、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V+P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我們的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。
[分析]這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況;get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。
四、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)(S+V+IO+DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我給他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽車。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。
[分析]這些句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思，故這類動(dòng)詞被稱作雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。一般來(lái)說(shuō)指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)。通常情況下間接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后;有時(shí)也可把間接賓語(yǔ)置于直接賓語(yǔ)后，此時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞for或to。間接賓語(yǔ)后置與for連用的動(dòng)詞有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。
間接賓語(yǔ)后置與to連用的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.請(qǐng)遞給他一杯茶。
注意：若直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前。例如：
誤：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(S+V+DO+OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他們叫他詹姆斯。
2.We will keep the table clean .我們將保持桌面干凈。
3. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色。
4. What makes him think so?他怎么會(huì)這樣想?
5. We saw him out. 我們送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來(lái)。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見(jiàn)他們上了那輛公共汽車。
[分析]這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的作用是說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以由名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。注意：在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等引起的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式，則要省去不定式符號(hào)to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我們發(fā)笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不會(huì)讓你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我讓他們明天早上來(lái)。
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)三
1.主語(yǔ)：是句子要說(shuō)明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：
The car is running fast.(名詞)
We are students.(代詞)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(數(shù)詞)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】若不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式短語(yǔ))放在句后。
2.謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，連系動(dòng)詞與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與省略to的不定式構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)，助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分。如：
He works in a factory.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
I felt cold.(系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))
How can I get to the station?(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
Do you speak English?(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
They are working in a field.(助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
【注意】謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。
3.賓語(yǔ)：是及物動(dòng)詞所涉及的對(duì)象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動(dòng)名詞等充當(dāng)。如：
He is doing his homework.(名詞)
They did nothing this morning.(代詞)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(動(dòng)名詞)
【注意】①有的動(dòng)詞可接雙賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)指人，直接賓語(yǔ)指物。這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(間賓+直賓)
直接賓語(yǔ)一般放在間接賓語(yǔ)之后，但若把直接賓語(yǔ)放在前面，則要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直賓+間賓)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓+間賓)
?、谟械膭?dòng)詞常用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，而不能用動(dòng)名詞。這類動(dòng)詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的動(dòng)詞一般只用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，而不用不定式。這類動(dòng)詞有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞含義不同。
a)forget to do表示“未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動(dòng)作”。如：
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒(méi)來(lái))
I forgot returning the book to him.(書(shū)已還給他了)
b)stop to do(不定式為狀語(yǔ))表示“停下
原來(lái)的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下來(lái)與他談話。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)學(xué)生們停止談話。)
4.定語(yǔ)：用于修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等充當(dāng)。如：
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容詞)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
There are two students in the classroom.(數(shù)詞)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語(yǔ))
【注意】定語(yǔ)一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，則放在后面。
5.狀語(yǔ)：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。單個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語(yǔ)或從句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副詞)
I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語(yǔ))
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語(yǔ))
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)
【注意】enough作狀語(yǔ)只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表語(yǔ)：用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(嘗起來(lái))等。如：
They are workers.(名詞)
Two and three is five.(數(shù)詞)
The story is very interesting.(形容詞)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動(dòng)名詞)
She is at home.(介詞短語(yǔ))
I feel terrible.(形容詞)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)
7.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補(bǔ)”一般由不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：
We elected him monitor.(名詞)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語(yǔ))
He is going to have his hair cut.(過(guò)去分詞)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
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