有關(guān)于英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，英語(yǔ)已成為個(gè)人甚至一個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)展的重要工具，每個(gè)人都希望說(shuō)一口流利的英文。小編精心收集了有關(guān)于英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，供大家欣賞學(xué)習(xí)!
有關(guān)于英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)1
1. 主語(yǔ)：表示句子所要說(shuō)明或描述的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，置于句首。如：
It's getting cold. 天冷起來(lái)了。
Now everything is ready. 現(xiàn)在一切都準(zhǔn)備好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老師對(duì)我們很好。
2. 謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明或描述主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，位于主語(yǔ)之后。如：
Mother bought me a VCR. 媽給我買了一臺(tái)錄像機(jī)。
We have finished our work already. 我們已經(jīng)完成了工作。
3. 表語(yǔ)：表示主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)，位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。如：
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生氣。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任務(wù)是看羊。
4. 賓語(yǔ)：指動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，位于動(dòng)詞之后。如：
He wrote many plays. 他寫了許多劇本。
She loves swimming. 她喜歡游泳。
5. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用來(lái)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明，一般由名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：
He told us to stay. 他叫我們留下。
I've never seen her dancing. 我從未看見過(guò)她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很難拒絕他。
6. 定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說(shuō)明，一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及句子等充當(dāng)，位置可在所修飾的詞之前，也可在所修飾的詞之后(詳見形容詞一章)。如：
It's an interesting story. 那是一個(gè)有趣的故事。
Do you have time to help us? 你有時(shí)間幫助我們嗎?
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在動(dòng)手術(shù)的女人是誰(shuí)?
7. 狀語(yǔ)：用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。如：
We like English very much. 我們非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。
Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看書。
United we stand, divided we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
8. 同位語(yǔ)：若兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法單位指同一個(gè)人或事物，并且，句法功能也一樣，那么，后一項(xiàng)稱為前一項(xiàng)的同位語(yǔ)。如：
This is my friend Harry. 這是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
9. 獨(dú)立成分：與句子其他成分沒(méi)有通常的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，如插入語(yǔ)、感嘆語(yǔ)、呼語(yǔ)等，一般用逗號(hào)將它與句子隔開。如：
He's a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一個(gè)好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 說(shuō)也奇怪，考試他竟然通過(guò)了。
有關(guān)于英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)2
句子是按照一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)律組成的，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義。一個(gè)句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。
1)主語(yǔ)：是一句的主體，是全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象，常用名詞，數(shù)詞或代詞擔(dān)任，一般放于句首。如：
Students study. (學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)
We are friends.(我們是朋友)
這兩句話中單詞students是個(gè)名詞，we是代詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶鲋髡Z(yǔ)。
2)謂語(yǔ)：是對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語(yǔ)的后面。如：
Students study. (學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。)
We are friends. (我們是朋友)
這兩句話中單詞study和are都是動(dòng)詞，study叫做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，are叫做be動(dòng)詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髦^語(yǔ)。
3)賓語(yǔ)：表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：
They are teachers. ( 他們是老師。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
這兩句話中單詞teachers是名詞，單詞him是帶詞，它們?cè)诰渲凶髻e語(yǔ)。
4)定語(yǔ)：是用來(lái)說(shuō)明或者限制名詞的成分，常用形容詞或者相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句擔(dān)任。形容詞放在名詞之前，相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語(yǔ)或從句放在名詞的后面。如：
This is a red sun.(這是個(gè)紅太陽(yáng).)
He is a tall boy.(他是個(gè)高個(gè)子男孩。)
這兩句話中單詞red和 tall都是形容詞，它們作定語(yǔ)。
5)狀語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。常由副詞擔(dān)任。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可以放在動(dòng)詞之后;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放在它們之前。如：
The students study hard. (這些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)努力。)
I often write to him. (我常給他寫信。)
The bag is too heavy. (這個(gè)書包太重了。)
這三句話中單詞hard 和often修飾的都是動(dòng)詞，第三句話中單詞too修飾的是形容詞，它們都作狀語(yǔ)。
6)表語(yǔ)：用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞或者形容詞擔(dān)任。如：This table is long. (這個(gè)桌子是長(zhǎng)的。)
通常情況下,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)前的成分是定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)前的成分是狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：
(定語(yǔ)) 主語(yǔ) (狀語(yǔ)) 謂語(yǔ) (定語(yǔ)) 賓語(yǔ) (狀語(yǔ))
如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday.
請(qǐng)分析下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)出各個(gè)成分
1)I have two elder sisters. (我有兩個(gè)姐姐。)
2) They don't swim very well.(他們游泳不太好。)
3) Do you go to school every day? (你每天去上學(xué)嗎?)
4) I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。)
5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.(史密斯先生教英語(yǔ)非常好。)
語(yǔ)法其實(shí)并沒(méi)有一些人想象的那么可怕，其實(shí)里面有很多趣味。
有關(guān)于英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)3
英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
The English sentence structure analysis
英語(yǔ)句子分為簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句。所謂的簡(jiǎn)單句，就是一個(gè)句子中只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。復(fù)合句又分成并列句和復(fù)雜句，下面我們分別對(duì)這三種情況加以簡(jiǎn)要的分析。
The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis.
1、簡(jiǎn)單句
In 1, the simple sentence
簡(jiǎn)單句，即只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。除了特殊情況，英語(yǔ)句子中都有主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ))，有時(shí)候還有賓語(yǔ);而且除了倒裝句等特殊句型，一般情況下，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的先后順序是固定的，不可能賓語(yǔ)跑到謂語(yǔ)前面，或者謂語(yǔ)跑到主語(yǔ)前面。目前很多語(yǔ)法書都把英語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句歸納為五種基本句型。實(shí)際上，英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句還可以簡(jiǎn)化為三種形式：
A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms:
主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞) + 賓語(yǔ);I hate grammar.
Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar.
主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞); Grammar sucks.
Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks.
主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) Grammar is hell.
Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell.
所以，我們?cè)陂喿x句子的時(shí)候，不管句子有多長(zhǎng)，不管是并列句還是復(fù)合句，都必須首先分清各句中的主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)(或表語(yǔ))，有的句子中還包括賓語(yǔ)。因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)中英語(yǔ)句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。
Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear.
2、并列句
In 2, the compound sentence
并列句就是兩個(gè)或以上的簡(jiǎn)單句，由表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)連接而成。常見的連詞：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。閱讀中遇到并列關(guān)系的句子，一般情況下是以連詞為界限，將句子分成前、后幾個(gè)部分，并分別來(lái)分析，各句的意思一般可以單獨(dú)理解，最后將各句合并即可。
The compound sentence is two or more simple sentences, indicated by a parallel relation conjunction or punctuation and connected. Common conjunctions: and, not only... But also, neither... Nor... Or, either... Or... Otherwise, but, yet, while, so, for etc.. Reading encountered in juxtaposed relation sentence, under normal circumstances is to conjunctions as boundaries, the sentence into several portions, respectively, and to analyze the sentence meaning, generally can be individually understood, finally merging each sentence can be.
I hate grammar, / while he loves it. (以while為界，可分為前后兩個(gè)小句子)
I hate / while he loves grammar, it. ( with while as the boundary, can be divided into two. )
3、 主從復(fù)合句
In 3, the complex sentence
主從復(fù)合句即是復(fù)雜句，它也是由兩個(gè)以上的句子構(gòu)成。與并列不同的是，各分句之間的意思是緊密相連的，所以我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地把各個(gè)句子拆開來(lái)看，而必須將各分句綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行理解。有時(shí)候，分句里面有可能還包含分句。
The complex sentence is a complex sentence, it is composed of more than two sentences. And the difference is, the clauses mean are closely linked, so we can't simply take each sentence apart, and must be integrated to understand the clauses. Sometimes, there may also contain clauses clauses.
說(shuō)到從句，我們還要介紹一下英語(yǔ)中的三大從句：名詞性從句，形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。三大從句之下又包括紛繁復(fù)雜的從句形式：
When it comes to clauses, we also introduce the three clauses in English: noun clauses, adjective clauses and adverbial clauses. The three clause is included complex clause form:
名詞性從句：主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句， 同位語(yǔ)從句
The noun clause: the subject clause, the object clause, predicative clause, apposition clause
形容詞性從句(定語(yǔ)從句)：限制性，非限制性
Adjective clause ( attributive clause ): restriction, unrestricted
副詞性從句(狀語(yǔ)從句)：時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，目的，讓步，方式，結(jié)果
Adverb clauses ( clause ): time, place, reason, condition, concession, purpose, means, result
看到這里，可能有些同學(xué)又會(huì)產(chǎn)生抵觸情緒了，其實(shí)這些細(xì)致的劃分我們可以跳過(guò)，對(duì)于具體句子中的從句如何解決其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，你只需知道從句做什么成分就可以了，從句做什么成分，就是個(gè)什么功能的從句。
See here, some students may also be conflicted emotions, in fact, the detailed classification we can skip, for in a specific sentence that how to solve it is actually very simple, you just need to know that what ingredients can be, clause do component, is what the function of clause.
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. (表語(yǔ))
The sad thing is that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone. ( predicative )
What the ugly man chooses is living alone.(主語(yǔ))
What the ugly man chooses is living alone. ( subject )
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone.(賓語(yǔ))
We all know that the ugly man chooses living alone. ( object )
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. (同位語(yǔ))
The thing that the ugly man with a lot of money chooses living alone was known to everyone. ( appositive )
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone.(定語(yǔ))
The ugly man who has a lot of money chooses living alone. ( attribute )
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone.(狀語(yǔ))
Although the ugly man has a lot of money, he chooses living alone. ( adverbial )
在閱讀這樣的復(fù)雜句的時(shí)候，首先要找出主句或從句從哪兒開始，到哪兒結(jié)束，首先理解主句的意思，最后再把從句的內(nèi)容與主句綜合起來(lái)。
In reading such a complex sentence, clause or clause must first find out where to start, where the first end, understand the main point, finally the clause content clause together.
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