高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
英語是國際經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)、信息等交流中應(yīng)用最廣泛的語言，也是我國基礎(chǔ)教育中最主要的外語課程。學習啦小編整理了高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)，歡迎閱讀!
高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)一
英語中的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)
一、句型1： Subject (主語) + Verb (謂語)
這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，所謂不及物動詞，就是這種動詞后不可以直接接賓語。常見的動詞如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明學習很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午發(fā)生的。
二、句型2：Subject (主語) + Link. V(系動詞) + Predicate(表語)
這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。其系動詞一般可分為下列兩類：
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物吃起來很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.剛才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示變化。這類系動詞有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.這棵樹比以前長得高多了。
三、句型3：Subject(主語) + Verb (謂語) + Object (賓語)
這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞, 所謂及物動詞，就是這種動詞后可以直接接賓語，其賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。例：
1) He took his bag and left.(名詞) 他拿著書包離開了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代詞)當我遇到困難時，李雷總能給我?guī)椭?/p>
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即將到來的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (從句)我不知道下一步該干什么。
注意：英語中的許多動詞既是及物動詞，又是不及物動詞。
四、句型4： Subject(主語)+Verb(謂語)+ Indirect object(間接賓語)+Direct object (直接賓語)
這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動作是對誰做的或為誰做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當;間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對整個句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔。引導這類雙賓語的常見動詞有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸給她買了一本詞典作為生日禮物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講述長征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子還可以表達為：
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5： Subject(主語)+Verb (動詞)+Object (賓語)+Complement(補語)
這種句型中的“賓語 + 補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等;或者表示讓賓語去完成的動作等。擔任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)
2) We made him our monitor.(名詞)我們選他當班長。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(過去分詞)
● 常見的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。如：
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上。
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
一) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞;
名詞(代詞)+形容詞;
名詞(代詞)+副詞;
名詞(代詞)+不定式;
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。
二) 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點：
1)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。
2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。
3)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。
高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)二
一、句子成分
句子成分—主語: 通常句首;名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/不定式/動名詞/句子等
The Beatles is a world-wide famous rock band.
I will be right here waiting for you.
Two plus six is eight.
To save time is to lengthen life.
Watching English movies is a good way to learn English.
What we shall do next is not yet decided
句子成分—謂語: 主語之后;動詞;說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征
A comedy usually has a happy ending.
Time cures all things.
I’ve just finished my assignment.
The work is almost finished.
He was often laughed at for his mistake.
句子成分—賓語: 及物動詞和介詞后;名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/不定式/動名詞/句子等
One should love animals, because they are tasty.
Don’t offer to teach fish to swim.
The first, I think she is beautiful. The second, I think she is pretty. The third, I think she is gorgeous. The fourth, I think she is drop-dead gorgeous.
句子成分—表語: be, seem, appear 感官系動詞：look, sound, feel, taste, smell; “變化”系動詞：become, turn, run, go, come, get, grow, fall ;“保持”系動詞：remain, keep, stand, leave, stay, lay, continue
Honesty is the best policy.
She looked exhausted.
He is out. / He is not here.
Sheldon’s ambition is to be a Nobel Prize winner.
The question is whether populations would put up with the inflation.
句子成分—補語: 賓補&主補;名詞/形容詞/副詞/分詞;補充說明
I strongly advise you to apply for the position for designer.
They called him the prince of gymnast.
She heard the girl singing devotedly.
Please keep me informed of the latest development.
Tom is often caught sleeping in class.
He is said to be the founder of modern astronomy.
句子成分—定語: 可前可后,名詞/代詞/形容詞/介詞短語/分詞/句子
The railway station is being under construction.
Michele is a fashionable girl.
Michele always wears clothes in fashion.
Telling jokes is a good way to make girls happy.
She made a remark which started a heated discussion.
The composer that the manager fired was not qualified for the job.
句子成分—狀語: 副詞/形容詞/介詞短語/分詞/句子等;時間/地點/原因/目的/結(jié)果/方式/條件/讓步/比較等
The travelers came back, safe and sound.
From space the astronaut saw a blue globe.
With all his faults, he is still a good guy.
He looked around the table, his eyes flat, his face pale.
It is never too late to learn.
Don’t give up if you want to do something.
句子成分—同位語: 名詞代詞后,名詞/代詞/句子等
We students should study hard and learn to be the person kind, honest and tolerant.
Helping others is a good habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
The saying that beauty is but skin deep is but a skin deep saying.
二、五大基本句型
基本句型1：主+謂+狀語。 動詞為不及物動詞。英語中很多動詞為不及物動詞。用左手記憶
We students should study hard and learn to be the person kind, honest and tolerant.
Helping others is a good habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
The saying that beauty is but skin deep is but a skin deep saying.
基本句型2：主+謂+賓。 動詞為及物動詞。英語中多數(shù)動詞為及物動詞，或既是及物又是不及物動詞，此時它們的意義往往有很大的不同。用右手記憶
Time creates wonders.
They watched the opening ceremony of London Games.
The rapid development of tourism has created many opportunities.
I can’t stand being disturbed.
基本句型3：主+謂+間賓+直賓，或主+謂+直賓+介詞+間賓. 常帶雙賓的動詞有(to給)give, send, lend, post, bring, take, show, tell，pass, hand, write, read, offer, sell, return(for為)buy, make, get, find, save, leave, fetch, cook, book用右腳記憶
David showed me the way to the stadium.
Television can give us so much, except the time to think.
Tell a man he is brave, and you help him to become so.
Can you recommend a good comedy film to me?
He is willing to show me how to train a dolphin.
基本句型4：主謂賓賓補用左腳記憶
常帶賓補的動詞: (1)使役動詞或表示叫、命令等意思的詞 have, let, make, cause, get, send, ask, order, command, tell, warn, etc(2)感官動詞see,watch, notice, find, hear, smell, etc
We found the great hall full.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by an expert from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
基本句型5：主系表用胸腹部記憶
Time is money.
Speech is silver, silence is gold.
The basketball player Yao Ming is tall and strong.
The weather is becoming colder.
She looked exhausted.
The leaves is turning yellow.
三、三大句子結(jié)構(gòu)
簡單句：一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
Time flies.
并列句：≧兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)： 分句+并列連詞+分句
常見的并列連詞有：and, or, but, while, for, so, neither, nor; both …and, either…or, neither…nor, as well as, not only…but also; besides, furthermore, moreover
Love and you’ll be loved.
Be modest, or you will lag behind.
Honesty is a virtue while greed is an evil.
I am nobody, nobody is perfect, so I am perfect.
Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you.
I’m not afraid of tomorrow for I have been yesterday and love today.
Pip is not only a teacher; he also treats us like a friend.
復合句：1. 定語從句：The new house which I have just bought is located at the suburb.
2. 名詞性從句：What JK Rowling wrote is the Harry Potter series.
3. 狀語從句：He was making a phone call when she was doing paper work.
高中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)三
同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分,近乎于后置定語.如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語,都是指同一批‘學生’)
We all are students. (all是we的同位語,都指同樣的‘我們’)
七、獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)系的成分,稱為句子獨立成分(注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨立結(jié)
構(gòu)).
感嘆詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等.肯定詞yes否定詞no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語.插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I belie
ve,等.
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個故事還遠沒結(jié)束.
情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣(多作為修飾全句的狀語):perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實際上,certainly當然,
等.
八、分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否則應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語,構(gòu)成分詞獨立結(jié)
構(gòu).
例：錯句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正確：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：錯句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語,則其邏輯主語就是句子的主語,既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是
人,不應(yīng)是your score(分數(shù)). 正確句(1)更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致( 同為you );正確句(2)則使
用條件分句帶出study的主語,(不過已經(jīng)不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)了).
分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)常省略being,having been.不過‘There being...’的場合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
獨立結(jié)構(gòu)還可用with、without引導,作狀語或定語.這種結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以用分詞,還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞
短語、副詞或名詞等.
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.無事可做,他很快就睡著了.
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老師進來了,戴著一付眼鏡.(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
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