初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)
初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)
學(xué)習(xí)英語句子不僅能提高學(xué)生的語言能力,同時(shí)還能提高學(xué)生的語感和交際能力。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí),歡迎閱讀!
初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)閱讀
1 句子的成分
組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主語、謂語、表語、賓語(直接賓語、間接賓語)、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。主語和謂語是句子主體部分(在英文中一般的句子必須有主語和謂語)。表語、賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語是謂語里的組成部分。其他成分如定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。下面我們分別講述一下句子的各個(gè)成分:
1 主語
主語是謂語講述的對(duì)象,表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。
We study in No.1 Middle School.(講述“誰”~)
The classroom is very clean. (講述“什么”很干凈)
Three were absent.(數(shù)詞作主語)
To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主語)
注意
不定式作主語時(shí),常用形式主語it句型,因此左例可變?yōu)镮t is my job to teach them English. (真正的主語是to teach them English.)
2 謂語
說明主語“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么樣”。
謂語(謂語部分里主要的詞)必須用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。 His Parents are doctors. (系動(dòng)詞作謂語)
She looks well.(系動(dòng)詞作謂語)
We study hard.(實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語)
He can speak English. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語)
3 表語
表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”,由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。
You look younger than before.(形容詞作表語)
I am a teacher.(名詞作表語)
Everybody is here.(副詞作表語)
They are at home now.(介詞短語作表語)
My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表語)
4 ,賓語
賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象,由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任,它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么,在謂語之后。
She is playing the piano now.(名詞作賓語)
He often helps me.(代詞作賓語)
He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式作賓語)
We enjoy living in China.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語)
5狀語
狀語用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。
He did it carefully.(副詞作狀語)
Without his help,we couldn't work it out. (介詞短語作狀語)
(In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.(不定式作目的狀語) 6 定語
定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等都可以擔(dān)任定語。因?yàn)樗切揎椕~或代詞的,而名詞和代詞又可以作主語,還可以作表語和賓語,所以定語的位置很靈活,凡是有名詞、代詞的地方都可以有定語。
The black bike is mine. 主語部分(形容詞作定語)
What is your name? 表語(代詞作定語)
They made paper flowers. 賓語(名詞作定語)
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介詞短語作定語)
I have something to do. (不定式作定語)
初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)練習(xí)
I.指出下列各句中斜體詞的詞性,并將句子譯成漢語。
1. The driverbackedthe car out of thegarage.
2. The man wasfined20 dollars forsmoking in the theatre.
3. You've done a pretty good job.
4. The boy asked the actorspresenttosign their names in his notebook.
5. In the darkness weinchedagainst thewall.
6. We walked about the school campus during thebreak.
7. There was aburstof laughter in theclassroom.
8. The climber bought a lot ofcannedfood.
9. These medicines will beshippedto anAfrican country.
10. The lady put the fish dish at the window tocoolit.
11. Harrislearned how tomilka cow.
12. The crops are growing badly in suchdryweather.
13. The wastebasket has beenemptied.
14. Too muchfatis bad for one's health.
15. A new plan hasformedin his mind.
16. The girl has agiftfor language learning.
17. The rain saved us the trouble towatertheflowers.
18. They had a goodlaughover the story.
19. The ownernamedhis coffee shop"Dream".
20. The hall canseatabout one thousandpeople.
21. The robber wassentencedto death.
22. His debttotaled£ 20,000.
23. They satstill,with their eyes fixedon the teacher.
24. We looked at the eagle flyinghighinthe sky.
25. Is hehomealready?
26. The old man likes towalkhis dogafter breakfast.
27. She haslongedto have a room of herown.
28. Some roadsignswere set up along thehighway.
29. Nancystopped to have asmoke.
30. Ibookedtwo tickets beforehand.
II.指出下列各句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. Mr Black is English.
2. The teacher taught us some grammar rules.
3. The farmer dug up the soil.
4. She found her ring lost.
5. She left her job unfinished.
6. The great poet lived in the 18th century.
7. She introduced her friends to us.
8. The tape-recorder is on the desk.
9. The guests have just arrived.
10. She laid the baby on the bed.
參考答案:
答案:
1、司機(jī)把汽車倒出車庫。
2、那人因?yàn)樵趧鰞?nèi)抽煙被罰款20美元。
3、你工作干得很好。
4、孩子請(qǐng)?jiān)趫龅难輪T在他的筆記本上簽名。
5、黑暗中我們倚墻慢慢移動(dòng)。
6、休息時(shí)我們?cè)谛@散步。
7、教室里爆發(fā)出一陣哄笑聲。
8、登山者買了許多罐頭食品。
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9、這些藥品將船運(yùn)到某非洲國家。
10、女士把燒好的魚放在靠窗處涼一下。
11、哈里斯學(xué)會(huì)了如何擠奶。
12、在這么干旱的天氣里莊家長勢很差。
13、廢紙簍已被倒空。
14、過多的脂肪對(duì)人體健康有害。
15、一個(gè)新的計(jì)劃在他的頭腦中形成了。
16、這女孩有學(xué)習(xí)語言的天賦。
17、這場雨省去了我們澆花的麻煩。
18、他們聽了故事開懷大笑。
19、店主將他的咖啡館取名為“夢(mèng)”。
20、這會(huì)場能容納約1000人的座位。
21、搶劫者被判處死刑。
22、他的債務(wù)總計(jì)兩萬英鎊。
23、他們坐著不動(dòng),眼睛盯著老師。
24、我們看著鷹在天空翱翔。
25、他已經(jīng)回家了。
26、老人喜歡早餐后遛狗。
27、她渴望有自己的房間。
28、公路沿線豎起了一些路牌。
29、南希停下來抽煙。
30、我事先預(yù)定了兩張票。
II.
1.SVC 2.SVOO 3. SVO 4.SVOC 5.SVOC
6.SV 7.SVOO 8.SVC 9.SV 10.SVO