英語國家概況:美國政治

　　下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的英語國家概況:美國政治， 希望對大家有幫助。

　　Political Institution政治體制

　　1)A workable form of government under theConstitution: a federal system of government whichhas two layers of rule.

　　兩極統(tǒng)治的聯(lián)邦政府體制。

　　2)Separation of powers with checks and balancesunder the Constitution: The Constitution divides thegovernment into three branches: the legislative,the executive and the judicial. Each branch hasonly part of the powers but not all the powers. Thethree branches are in balance and they may check each other.

　　三權(quán)分立和制衡制度：憲法將政府劃分為3個部門，立法部門、執(zhí)法部門和司法部門。每個部門只有部分權(quán)利不是全部。三個部門權(quán)利平衡并互相限制。

　　3) Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution: the Bill of Rights. It is the termused for the first ten amendments to the Constitution. Ti guarantees freedom of religion,freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom fromunreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights.

　　憲法下的個人自由的保護：人權(quán)。這是最早的十個憲法修正案中的總稱。他確保了宗教、言論、出版、集會、請愿和免受無理搜查的自由，還確保了接受陪審團審判、享受應(yīng)有的法律程序和其他合法權(quán)利。

　　4)Powers of the American president: ①The president is the head of the executive branch(行政部門首腦). ②He is also head of state(元首) elected by the whol nation. ③he has somelegislative powers(立法權(quán)); ④he is responsible for the relations of the United States withforeign nations; ⑤ he signs Bills passed by Congress into law.⑥ he appoints fedeal officials;⑦hehas some judicial powers;⑧commander-in-chief(總司令)⑨he can serve for no more than 2term任期不超過2屆。

　　總統(tǒng)權(quán)利：總統(tǒng)是行政部門首腦;2.國家元首;3.立法權(quán);4.負責(zé)美國與其他國家的關(guān)系;5.6.委任政府官員;7.司法權(quán)利;8.總司令;9. 任期不超過2屆。

　　5)Powers of the House of Representatives: the House of Representatives can ①introducelegislation, ②revenue bills and ③bring charges against officials, including the President.

　　眾議院權(quán)利：1.立法;2.征稅法案3.指控官員，包括總統(tǒng)。

　　6)Powers of the Senate: the Senate has the power to①introduced legislation on any subject exceptrevenue bills (除了稅收法案). It has the authority to②confirm or reject predidential appointments(總統(tǒng)任命) of high officials as well as the U.S. foreigntreaties. ③Its chairman is the Vice President.

　　參議院權(quán)利：1立法除稅收。還有一些特殊權(quán)利：2批準或否決總統(tǒng)任命的高級官員及外交條約;領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是副總統(tǒng)。

　　7)The judicial system has evolved into the presentstructure: According to the Constitution, the judicialpower of the U.S shall be vested in one SupremeCourt. The judicial system has evolved into the present structure: the Supreme Court, 11 courtof appeals, 91 district courts, and 3 courts of special jurisdiction. U.S.judges are appointed bythe President and confirmed by the Senate.

　　根據(jù)憲法規(guī)定，美國的司法權(quán)屬于最高法院，司法體系結(jié)構(gòu)為：最高法院，11個上訴法院，91個地方法院，3個有特殊司法權(quán)的法院，美國的法官是由總統(tǒng)任命并由參議院批準的。

　　8)The two-party system and the characteristics of the two major parties

　?、賢he two-party system:the two party system means that the two major political parties — nowthe Democrats and the Republicans — compete with each other to dominate politics at thefederal, state, and local levels.

　　兩黨制意味著兩個主要的政黨—目前為民主黨和共和黨—支配著聯(lián)邦、州及地方的政治舞臺。

　　②the characteristics of the two major parties:The two major parties are not very differenttoday. They are two coalitions of interests and interest groups(利益集團的聯(lián)合). There is no strictparty discipline(黨紀). One does not have to apply or go through necessary formalities tobecome a member of either party. But there are some differences between them. TheDemocrats traditionally favour government intervention (主張政府干涉經(jīng)濟)while theRepublicans stress the role of the market (市場作用)more. On social issue the Democratssupport a strong social security system (社會安全保障體制) while the Republicans oppose largegovernmental social security programs. In spite of these differenes, the two parties bothbelieve in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means ofproduction(堅持生產(chǎn)資料私有制) .

　　兩個主要政黨今天并沒有實質(zhì)區(qū)別。他們是利益集團的聯(lián)合。沒有嚴格的黨紀。要想成為某黨成員，不需要申請或辦理必要的手續(xù)。但他們有所不同。民主黨主張政府干涉，共和黨則強調(diào)市場作用。在社會問題上，民主黨支持建立強大的社會保障體系，而共和黨反對大規(guī)模的政府社會保障計劃。盡管存在這些區(qū)別，兩黨都信仰個人主義，保護資本主義制度，維護生產(chǎn)資料私有制。