英語(yǔ)考研晨讀美文
英語(yǔ)考研晨讀美文
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英語(yǔ)考研晨讀美文：做夢(mèng)也能增強(qiáng)記憶力
People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are significantly better at recalling information and making links between facts when they wake, scientists found.
科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡覺(jué)愛(ài)做夢(mèng)的人在他們醒著的時(shí)候記憶力和關(guān)聯(lián)事物的能力都會(huì)顯著增強(qiáng)。
But recharging with a shallow nap offers no such mental boost, the research suggests.
該研究同時(shí)也聲明僅僅是打個(gè)小盹就不會(huì)產(chǎn)生如此神奇的功效。
The results of the study add to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is crucial to the brain’s ability to lay down and consolidate memories.
這一研究印證了先前大量證據(jù)已經(jīng)證明了的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，那就是快速眼動(dòng)睡眠(REM)階段對(duì)大腦鞏固記憶的能力至關(guān)重要。
An average night’s repose includes four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night.
在夜間睡眠過(guò)程中，通常會(huì)有四到五個(gè)周期的REM 階段。直到天亮之前，REM 間隔周期呈逐漸延長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。
This means that adults who get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night-and therefore insufficient REM sleep-may be damaging their mind’s ability to form strong memories.
這就意味著，睡眠時(shí)間不足7-8 小時(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)睡眠時(shí)間的成年人無(wú)法保障充分的REM 睡眠時(shí)間，因此他們形成牢固記憶的能力有可能會(huì)受損。
Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
REM 睡眠并不屬于深度睡眠的范疇，只有在經(jīng)過(guò)深度睡眠后，大腦才能進(jìn)入REM 睡眠階段。
Scientists have been working on connections between sleep, dreams and brain activity since the REM state was first identified in 1953 by US researchers.
自1953 年美國(guó)研究人員首次確認(rèn)REM 睡眠狀態(tài)以來(lái)，科學(xué)家一直致力于研究睡眠、夢(mèng)境以及大腦活動(dòng)三者之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。
They found that people woken while their closed eyes made jerking movements recalled much more colorful and elaborate dreams than people woken during other stages of sleep.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)從REM 狀態(tài)中醒來(lái)的人，相對(duì)那些從其他睡眠狀態(tài)中醒來(lái)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，更善于記住豐富多彩的夢(mèng)境的細(xì)節(jié)。
It is now believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information that needs to be retained from useless information which can be discarded.This process may take place as memories are shifted from one part of the brain to others.
現(xiàn)在人們相信，睡眠過(guò)程就好比是在大腦內(nèi)部進(jìn)行文案整理工作。隨著儲(chǔ)存的記憶在大腦中進(jìn)行位置轉(zhuǎn)移，大腦從而對(duì)相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行區(qū)分——摒棄無(wú)用信息，保留有用信息。
英語(yǔ)考研晨讀美文：來(lái)自外星人的信號(hào)
The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), listening to the cosmos for signs of signals from alien civilizations, may be monitoring the wrong “channels,” a U.S. astrophysicist says.
一位美國(guó)天體物理學(xué)家表示，地外智能生命搜尋研究所(SETI)一直以來(lái)探索宇宙外星文明信號(hào)的方法可能是“走了彎路”。
Gregory Benford of the University of California, Irvine, says such a civilization wanting to announce its presence would transmit “cost-optimized” narrowly focused signals, not the continuous omni-directional signals the SETI program has been scanning for, a university release said recently.
美國(guó)加州大學(xué)歐文分校的科學(xué)家格雷戈里·本福德近日稱，試圖跟人類建立聯(lián)系的外星人很可能從“成本最優(yōu)”方面考慮只發(fā)送較短的定向信息，而不是漫無(wú)方向地持續(xù)發(fā)送信息。而SETI 一直以來(lái)搜索的信息正是后者。
“This approach is more like Twitter and less like War and Peace, ”James Benford, Gregory Benford`s twin and fellow physicist, says.
“這種發(fā)送消息的方法更像是推特(Twitter)，而不是場(chǎng)面宏大的《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》，”格雷戈里·本福德的孿生兄弟，物理學(xué)家詹姆斯·本福德說(shuō)。
“Whatever the life form, evolution selects for economy of resources. Transmitting signals across light years would require considerable resources.”
“不論是何種生命形式，進(jìn)化的方向都是節(jié)約資源。穿越光年發(fā)送信息，要花費(fèi)相當(dāng)巨大的資源。”
They says alien signals would not be blasted out in all directions but narrowly directed in the one-to-ten gigahertz broadband signal range and SETI’s broad sweeping search could leave many days when brief Twitter-like flashes of “ here we are” from alien civilizations go undetected.
他們還說(shuō)，外星人不會(huì)向外漫無(wú)目的地全方位傳送信號(hào)，而只會(huì)在1-10千兆赫的波段內(nèi)定向發(fā)送。但SETI 采取的是大范圍的信號(hào)掃描方式，這樣一來(lái)，在外星文明發(fā)出“我們?cè)谶@兒!”的信號(hào)時(shí)，可能就已經(jīng)錯(cuò)過(guò)SETI 的掃描了。
Such short, targeted blips, dubbed Benford beacons, should be the targets of SETI efforts, a growing number of scientists say.
越來(lái)越多的科學(xué)家支持他們的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為這種簡(jiǎn)短、定向的信息(被稱為本福德信號(hào))才應(yīng)該是SETI 搜索的目標(biāo)。
And the Benfords also suggest concentrating the search on our own Milky Way galaxy, especially its center where 90 percent of its stars are located.“
本福德兄弟還建議將搜索地點(diǎn)鎖定在我們自身所處的銀河系，特別是90%恒星所在的中心地區(qū)。
The stars there are a billion years older than our sun,” Gregory Benford says, “which suggests a greater possibility of contact with an advanced civilization than does pointing SETI receivers outward to the newer and less crowded edge of our galaxy. ”
“那里的恒星壽命比太陽(yáng)還早10 億年，”格雷戈里·本福德說(shuō)，“這意味著那里更有可能存在高等智慧生命。這比將SETI 的天線對(duì)準(zhǔn)銀河系邊緣更年輕恒星、也更稀疏的區(qū)域要好得多了。”
英語(yǔ)考研晨讀美文：拜金女
More than 50,000 young beauties from across China have lined up to win a date with one of 18 young, millionaire bachelors. The contest is the latest in a trend of beauty contests for the rich that has been criticized heavily in the media, on the net, and even by the government.
“拜金女”遭媒體炮轟從中國(guó)各地趕來(lái)的五萬(wàn)多名美女正在排隊(duì),應(yīng)征與18 位年輕有為、身家百萬(wàn)的單身富豪約會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)。中國(guó)最近涌現(xiàn)了眾多選美節(jié)目，而這些節(jié)目中的拜金思想遭到了媒體、網(wǎng)絡(luò)甚至中國(guó)政府的一致譴責(zé)。
The new contest was organized online, and its first round was held simultaneously in several major cities. Most contestants have already gone home in defeat, having failed an examination by feng shui masters to see whether they have a ‘lucky face’, according to an article on the People’s Daily’s English website. Only 18 finalists will ultimately date—and, if they’re lucky, marry—the eligible young men.
這次選美活動(dòng)是在線組織的，第一輪選拔在幾個(gè)大城市同步舉行。據(jù)《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)版報(bào)道，很多應(yīng)征者未能通過(guò)風(fēng)水師檢驗(yàn)她們是否有“旺夫相”這一關(guān)，已打道回府。最終只能18 名美女留下。如果她們足夠幸運(yùn)，有可能將嫁給合適的年輕男士。
Editorials in the online edition of China Daily, mirroring the overwhelmingly negative public reaction, blast the contest as ‘money worship’ and accuse it of treating women as sex objects.Editorialist Zhang Tianpin complains that the contest is the kind of scandalous behavior that makes many Chinese hate wealthy people.
《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》網(wǎng)絡(luò)版的評(píng)論代表多數(shù)公眾對(duì)這一事件所持的否定態(tài)度，抨擊這種活動(dòng)是“拜金主義”，將女性看作男性的玩物。評(píng)論人張?zhí)祛l批評(píng)說(shuō)，這種活動(dòng)讓有錢人丑態(tài)畢露，這也是中國(guó)人為什么仇視有錢人。
Elites should “not flaunt their money to seek beautiful women as partners but invest their money in activities for the benefit of society,”he argues.
他說(shuō)，“精英人士不應(yīng)該把錢花在獵取艷福上，而應(yīng)將錢用于造福社會(huì)等活動(dòng)。”
China has seen a steady expansion of elite dating contests, TV shows and websites in recent years. Vocal critics, however, are uncomfortable with the impact of these beauty contests on Chinese culture. According to an online article in the Global Times, the government has ordered all TV stations to stop showing 22-year-old fashion model Ma Nuo after she made comments that Chinese audiences deemed”too materialistic.” On a TV dating show, Ma refused an unemployed man’s offer of a bicycle ride, saying: ‘I would rather weep in a BMW than smile on your bicycle.’
近年來(lái)，中國(guó)的精英征婚活動(dòng)、電視婚戀節(jié)目及相親網(wǎng)絡(luò)呈逐漸增加趨勢(shì)。直言不諱的評(píng)論家表示這類征婚活動(dòng)會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)文化造成影響。據(jù)《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》一篇在線文章稱，22 歲的時(shí)裝模特馬諾發(fā)表了讓中國(guó)觀眾感覺(jué)“太過(guò)拜金”的言論，之后政府下令所有的電視臺(tái)封殺她。之前在一個(gè)電視婚戀節(jié)目《非誠(chéng)勿擾》中，馬諾拒絕了一位失業(yè)男士的求婚，她說(shuō)，“我寧愿坐在寶馬里哭，也不坐在自行車后座上笑”。
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