掌握常見的10種錯誤為你的托福寫作提分

　　一些學(xué)生在托福作文時，總是只顧及怎樣加些經(jīng)典句，怎樣更加寫好結(jié)構(gòu)，卻忘了一些更為基礎(chǔ)的問題。其實，在托福寫作中用避免一些常見小問題的方式，才能讓文章更為完美。下面小編就為大家，整理了10種最容易在文中產(chǎn)生的錯誤。

　　掌握常見的10種錯誤為你的托福寫作提分

　　1、不一致(Disagreements)

　　所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。

　　例1. When one have money , he can do what he want to.

　　人一旦有了錢，他就能想干什么就干什么。

　　剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has; 同理，want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。

　　改為：Once one has money , he can do what he wants (to do)

　　2、修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)

　　英語與漢語不同，同一個修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化。對于這一點中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解。

　　例1、 I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

　　剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末。

　　3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

　　在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解?？墒菚嬲Z就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時發(fā)生。

　　例1、There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.

　　剖析：本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio , newspaper and so on .”不是一個完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨立成句。

　　改為：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.

　　4、懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)

　　所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清。

　　例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點出十歲時，但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather，如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點，全句就不那么費解了。

　　改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.

　　例1、To do well in college, good grades are essential.

　　剖析：句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。

　　改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

　　5、詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

　　“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動詞用;形容詞當(dāng)副詞用;名詞當(dāng)動詞用等。

　　例1、None can negative the importance of money.

　　剖析：negative 系形容詞，誤作動詞。

　　改為：None can deny the importance of money.

　　6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

　　指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：

　　Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

　　瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因為她要她做她的伴娘。

　　讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個句子可改為：

　　Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

　　例1、And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

　　剖析：句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。

　　改為：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

　　7、不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)

　　什么叫run-on sentence? 請看下面的例句。

　　例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

　　剖析：這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。

　　改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.

　　8、措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)

　　Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題，囿于教學(xué)時間緊迫，教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤比比皆是。

　　例1、The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

　　農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。

　　剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。

　　改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

　　9、累贅(Redundancy)

　　言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個多余的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.

　　本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”

　　可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him.

　　例1、For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

　　剖析：整個句子可以大大簡化。

　　改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.

　　10、不連貫(Incoherence)

　　不連貫是指一個句子前言不對后語，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。

　　例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

　　剖析：The fresh water 與逗號后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。

　　改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

　　以上為大家整理的就是平時在托福寫作過程中，最容易出現(xiàn)的一些問題，大家不妨拿出自己寫過的文章來比對一下，希望有所收益哦。

　　托福寫作：能提分的常用詞語

　　托福寫作中，學(xué)會巧用一些能為文章增光添彩的詞語是獲得高分的技巧之一，下面小編就為大家整理匯總了10個托福寫作中最常用的詞語，希望能對各位同學(xué)的復(fù)習(xí)有所啟發(fā)。

　　1、Challenge

　　(1)Challenge sb to do sth .向...挑戰(zhàn)，邀請...比賽

　　They challenge us to a swimming contest.

　　(2)to give (accept) a challenge ( 接受 ) 挑戰(zhàn)

　　2、Share

　　(1)Share 部分，分

　　Everybody ought to have his proper share.

　　(2)Share 參與、貢獻(xiàn)

　　I had no share in the mater.

　　(3)Share (with,between) 分配，共有

　　They shared the profits between them.

　　I will share with you in the undertaking.

　　3、Instead

　　(1)instead 代替

　　If you cannot go,let him go instead.

　　(2)instead of 代替

　　I will go instead of you.

　　4、Manage

　　(1)manage to do 完成，達(dá)成

　　We finally managed to get there in time.

　　(2)manage with 辦事，處現(xiàn)事務(wù)

　　We can't manage with these poor tools.

　　(3)manage on 生活，過活

　　How will she manage with her husband gone.

　　5、Afford

　　(1)afford to do 足以承擔(dān)

　　I cannot afford to pay such a high price.

　　(2)afford 產(chǎn)生

　　Reading affords pleasure.

　　6、Rather

　　(1)would rather do 寧愿

　　He said he would rather stay at home.

　　(2)rather than 寧愿

　　I had rather dance than eat.

　　7、Ever

　　(1)ever 曾經(jīng)

　　Have you ever been there?

　　(2)ever 究竟

　　Why ever didn't you go.

　　(3)ever 如果

　　If the band(樂隊)ever plays again,we will dance.

　　(4)ever so=very

　　Thank you ever so much.

　　8、Available

　　(1) available 通用的，有效的

　　The season ticket is available for three months.

　　(2)available 可用的，可達(dá)到的

　　9、Else

　　(1)else 此外，別的

　　Where else did you go?

　　(2)else 否則，不然

　　Hurry,else you'll be late.

　　10、Involve

　　(1)involve 包括

　　Housekeeping involves cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.

　　(2)involve 使陷于

　　One foolish mistake can involve you in a good deal of trouble.

　　(3)involve 使糾纏，使難得

　　A sentence that is involved is hard to understand.

　　(4)involve 包圍

　　Clouds involved the hilltop.