很對(duì)學(xué)生們?cè)谕懈懽鲿r(shí)，不知道如何提出立論與反論，下面環(huán)小編為大家?guī)斫?jīng)典托福寫作模板立論型與駁論型，希望對(duì)大家的托福寫作提高有幫助。

　　托福寫作模板之立論與反論

　　以立論為主(兼具駁論)型 的template

　　In the lecture, the professor points out/ states/ contends/ makes several points about /focuses on that聽力 中心思想, casting doubt on/ contradicting/ enhancing what are stated in / the main idea of the reading passage that閱讀 中心意思.

　　To begin with, the speaker makes the point that聽力第一分論點(diǎn)， which refutes/ supports the viewpoint showed in the article that閱讀第一分論點(diǎn). According to the speaker, 聽力第一分論點(diǎn)的具體解釋or 具體例子. This perspective differs from/is just the same as what is maintained in the article

　　Moreover, the author claims that閱讀第二分論點(diǎn)whereas the speaker views this problem/ issue in a completely different angle/ which is the same view held by the speaker. In accordance with the speaker, 聽力第二分論點(diǎn)+聽力第二分論點(diǎn)的具體解釋or 具體例子. This directly contradicts/strengthens what the passage indicates

　　Finally, the speaker challenges/ perfectly reinforces the writer’s contention by saying that聽力第三分論點(diǎn). On the contrary/ Similarly, the writer insists that閱讀第三分論點(diǎn). To convince the audience, the speaker elaborates his/her perspective with the evidence that聽力第三分論點(diǎn)的具體解釋or 具體例子. This is where the speaker disagrees/agrees with the writer

　　To sum up, the speaker illustrates his/her disagreement/agreement with the theory/ general idea of the article by demonstrating the evidence mentioned above.

　　以駁論為主的 template，聽力幾乎無建設(shè)性立論

　　In the writing passage, the author points out that 閱讀 中心意思. On the contrary, the speaker casts serious doubt on the evidence supporting the writer's standpoint on this issue.

　　To begin with, the speaker challenges the idea stated in the passage that 閱讀第一分論點(diǎn). According to the lecture, 聽力第一分論點(diǎn).

　　Moreover, the writer 閱讀第二分論點(diǎn)whereas the speaker views the evidence in a completely different angle. In accordance with the lecturer, 聽力第二分論點(diǎn). To convince the audience, the speaker elaborates his perspective with evidence that 聽力第二分論點(diǎn)的具體解釋or 具體例子.

　　Finally, the speaker challenges the writer's contention again by saying聽力第三分論點(diǎn). From his speculation, 聽力第三分論點(diǎn)的具體解釋or 具體例子.

　　To sum up, the speaker illustrates his disagreement with the opinion showed in the passage by demonstrating the evidence mentioned above.

　　注：方框內(nèi)句子可以自由加在任何一個(gè)段落，補(bǔ)充說明聽力中分論點(diǎn)的解釋或者例子

　　綜合寫作模板(READING+LISTENING+WRITING)

　　1. In the lecture, the professor made several points about.... The professor argues that..... However, the reading passage contends that...... The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to....

　　2. The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that.... According to the professor...... .....differs from the reading in that the reading states.....The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because....

　　3. Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is....The professor claims that.....However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by.....

　　4. Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of reading ... In other words,.....This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because.....

　　反駁的單詞，differ from ,disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with, challenge

　　支持

　　5. In the lecture, the professor made several points about...The lecture argues that.....The points made by the professor agree with .....In fact, the examples used by the professor support...

　　6. Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that.... The professor claims that.....This point agrees with the reading, which contends that.....

　　7. Finally, the professor states that, in support of the reading ... Specifically, this perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates because…

　　support的單詞有：enhance, uphold, to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance

　　反駁

　　The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.

　　First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.

　　Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.

　　Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.

　　So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.

　　詳解托福高分作文中例證的使用方法

　　在托福的寫作過程中，闡明自己的論證是有著很多種的方法的，但是最為普遍的、也是最受考試青睞相信還是例證放。因?yàn)椋坏軌驍U(kuò)充整篇文章字?jǐn)?shù)，而且能夠讓論證表現(xiàn)的更加生動(dòng)和形象，那么在例證的過程中，我們應(yīng)注意的哪些原則呢?下面小編就為大家詳細(xì)介紹一下。

　　首先值得注意的是，在寫作過程中，并不是例子越多越好。而且如果實(shí)在不知道要在哪里放例子，就保持在一個(gè)大論點(diǎn)下面的每一個(gè)小論點(diǎn)有一個(gè)例子就足夠了，對(duì)于自己想要著重介紹的論點(diǎn)可以多加一個(gè)，不能再多。

　　而對(duì)于寫作的題材來說，也不是所有的題材都是我們強(qiáng)加一些例證在其中，托福獨(dú)立寫作的例子一般話題往較大與爭(zhēng)議性較強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)域去帶，比如說政治，軍事，社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)等。一般已經(jīng)擁有事實(shí)且毫無爭(zhēng)議性的例子盡量不要使用，比如科技，物質(zhì)定義等。

　　最為重要的一點(diǎn)就是在托福獨(dú)立寫作例子的應(yīng)用中，不要順著托福寫作話題，自己覺得哪個(gè)容易給人好感就寫哪個(gè)，一定要圍繞論點(diǎn)和分論點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容來展開例證描述，這樣才能避免跑題，或是之后有了話可說的境況發(fā)生。

　　總之，在舉例過程中，并要求所有的考生一定要?jiǎng)e出心裁找出新的內(nèi)容來吸引考官注意，而最為重要的就是，老的例子新的角度，不同的看法，這才是托福寫作中更高的層次。