英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文必備知識(shí)訓(xùn)練：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法

　　在備考英語(yǔ)四級(jí)的過(guò)程中，各位考生不僅要注意詞匯的積累，句型的掌握，還要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文必備知識(shí)訓(xùn)練：標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法，以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。

　　冒號(hào)的用法

　　冒號(hào)表示停頓，其停頓時(shí)間比分號(hào)長(zhǎng)比句號(hào)短。它可用逗號(hào)，有時(shí)也可用句號(hào)代替。盡管現(xiàn)在冒號(hào)的使用不如50到75年前頻繁，但現(xiàn)在它使用仍很方便，因?yàn)樗嬖V讀者其后仍是對(duì)上文進(jìn)一步的陳述。冒號(hào)還能產(chǎn)生輕微的戲劇效果。

　　冒號(hào)常用于引出一個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)、或完整的句子(子句)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)，舉例解釋?zhuān)蜃C明剛才所說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容。

　　注意：冒號(hào)之后的詞可用大寫(xiě)也可用小寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭。如果冒號(hào)之后的詞是另一個(gè)完整句子的開(kāi)始，則用大寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭。反之，如果冒號(hào)之后的詞只是句子的一部分，則用小寫(xiě)字母開(kāi)頭。

　　例 May I offer you a suggestion: don’t drive without your seat belts fastened.

　　The thought continued to perplex him: Where will I go next?

　　用于引出一連串用來(lái)解釋或強(qiáng)調(diào)已敘述過(guò)的內(nèi)容。如：

　　In the basement, he kept some equipment for his experiments: the test tubes, some chemical agents, three sun-lamps, and the drill.

　　冒號(hào)后常為縮排且不用引號(hào)、與全文分離的長(zhǎng)引文。

　　President Jiang Zemin enjoys quoting the first line of Lincoln’s Gettysburg address:

　　Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

　　精典范例

　　There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.

　　--英國(guó)作家Oscar Wide

　　寫(xiě)作時(shí)，切忌這樣寫(xiě)：

　　The four major reasons for the landslide victory were: the candidate’s personal popularity, the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.

　　這樣用的問(wèn)題在哪?問(wèn)題出在冒號(hào)用于動(dòng)詞were之后，你可能在英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人寫(xiě)的報(bào)紙或流行刊物中見(jiàn)到這類(lèi)用法，但它在學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作中不被大學(xué)教師所接受。 在學(xué)術(shù)論文中，主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或直接賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)緊跟在冒號(hào)之后。主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的修飾詞(obvious)使原本存在句子中的問(wèn)題得到解決：冒號(hào)不應(yīng)緊跟在動(dòng)詞之后。

　　上面例題中，取得壓倒性勝利的四個(gè)原因是明顯的：the candidate’s personal popularity, the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.

　　破折號(hào)的用法

　　用于表示句子正常語(yǔ)序中突然或出人意料的中斷。如果意義明確，它也可用于代替括弧或逗號(hào)。通常，破折號(hào)特別強(qiáng)調(diào)它所隔開(kāi)的部分。

　　破折號(hào)常用于對(duì)一長(zhǎng)項(xiàng)已表達(dá)過(guò)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

　　例 The day was the longest in her life - or so it seemed to her.

　　Could you - I hate to ask! - help me with these dishes?

　　When we left town - a day never to be forgotten - they had a record snowfall.

　　Most of the paintings in the gallery - in fact all but one - were done in the early 19th century.

　　What he lacked in intelligence - and he lacked a good deal - he made up for in physical strength.

　　The three of them were seated at one end of a long dining table that could hold - had once often held - eighteen people.

　　William Harvey did not discover the circulation of the blood in the body. It was discovered - or rather, always assumed - in China.

　　More than 600 unforgettable - and often surprising - photographs and Illustrations will rivet your attention, no matter what your age.

　　破折號(hào)常用來(lái)總結(jié)一系列已表達(dá)過(guò)的內(nèi)容。如：

　　Time and patience - two simple words - yet why are they so hard for me to remember.

　　分號(hào)的用法

　　分號(hào)有時(shí)又稱(chēng)為小句號(hào)。它表示一個(gè)停頓，其停頓時(shí)間在逗號(hào)與冒號(hào)的停頓時(shí)間之間。文章如采用許多分號(hào)，其風(fēng)格則變得嚴(yán)肅、正式。為了正確使用分號(hào)，有必要先學(xué)會(huì)辨認(rèn)主句。當(dāng)兩個(gè)主句沒(méi)有任何連接詞(and, but, or, nor, for)連接而出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子里，這時(shí)最好采用分號(hào)使之分離。分號(hào)的主要作用很簡(jiǎn)單，它常用于分離沒(méi)有連接詞連接的句子。但最好不要在從句之間形成如此之強(qiáng)的停頓。如果你要連接從句，而又不愿意用連接詞時(shí)，則采用分號(hào)。

　　The world is a comedy to those that think; a tragedy to those that feel.

　　You don’t write because you want to say something; you write because you’ve got something to say.

　　In the past, boy babies were often dressed in blue; girls, in pink.

　　Can’t you see it’s no good to go on alone; we’ll starve to death if we keep traveling this way much longer.

　　John F. Kennedy said at his inaugural speech, "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."

　　Our power to apprehend truth is limited; to seek it, limitless.

　　Science needs to be lived alongside religion, philosophy, history and esthetic experience; alone it can lead to great harm.

　　下列各詞和短語(yǔ)如用于連接復(fù)合句時(shí)，常與分號(hào)連用：

　　then however thus furthermore

　　hence indeed consequently also

　　that is nevertheless anyhow in addition

　　in fact on the other hand likewise moreover

　　still meanwhile instead besides

　　otherwise in other words henceforth for example

　　therefore at the same time even now

　　例：

　　Being clever and cynical, he succeeded in becoming president of the company; meanwhile his wife left him.

　　The weather was cold for that time of the year; nevertheless, we set out to hike to the top of that mountain.

　　According to one national survey, high school boys expected a starting salary of ,500 for their first full-time job; on the other hand, high school girls expected a starting salary of only ,000.

　　括號(hào)的用法

　　括號(hào)用于隔開(kāi)與中心意思相關(guān)不緊密的言語(yǔ)。

　　In New York (I’ve lived there all my life and ought to know), you have to have a license for a gun.

　　I thought I knew the poem by heart (boy, was I wrong!).

　　For a long time (too long as far as I’m concerned), women were thought to be inferior to men.

　　The first time I went driving (do you remember the day?), I was so scared.

　　其他幾種標(biāo)點(diǎn)的用法

　　問(wèn)：如果連續(xù)使用兩個(gè)形容詞，可用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)它們嗎?

　　答：在"Singapore is a clean, friendly city state"一句中，逗號(hào)代替了"and"。 連續(xù)兩個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，可用逗號(hào)把它們隔開(kāi)。但當(dāng)其中一個(gè)形容詞修飾另一形容詞時(shí)，不需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)它們：

　　On my way back home, I stared at the pale blue sky.

　　問(wèn)：何時(shí)用連字符連接單詞?

　　采用連字符連接的兩個(gè)詞，意思可一目了然。例如，沒(méi)用連字符的合成詞light year，字面意思是一年比另一年不重要;加上連字符，我們就很清楚light-year是光年的意思。

　　通常，我們?cè)谔幚砻~前兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞的組合時(shí)，可用連字符。

　　例：know-how

　　ready-to-wear

　　faster-than-expected production

　　life-form

　　state-of-the-art technology

　　medium-range missiles

　　當(dāng)這一群詞用作形容詞時(shí)，僅對(duì)它們所修飾的名詞之前的詞使用連字符。

　　It was a fast-paced city life.

　　即City life is fast paced.

　　Bring me the up-to-date report.

　　即Bring me up to date.

　　還有，以"-ly"結(jié)尾的副詞不用連字符。

　　Wrong: We do not work with financially-unstable organizations.

　　Correct: We do not work with financially unstable organizations.

　　Wrong: We are required to attend all regularly-scheduled meetings.

　　Correct: We are required to attend all regularly scheduled meetings.

　　問(wèn)：你贊成省略縮略語(yǔ)的中間或末尾的句點(diǎn)嗎?

　　答：這是一個(gè)關(guān)于寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格和品味的問(wèn)題，有些編者對(duì)縮略語(yǔ)用句點(diǎn);有些則不用。用與不用取決于你。我的建議是，一旦你決定采用哪種方式，就不宜改變。專(zhuān)有名詞中的句點(diǎn)應(yīng)該保留，姓名之間的圓點(diǎn)應(yīng)予保留。

　　問(wèn)：什么叫不分段句?

　　答：兩個(gè)完整的句子間僅用逗號(hào)，或不用任何其它標(biāo)點(diǎn)，這兩個(gè)句子叫做不分段句。

　　例：

　　The air conditioner is broken, we must have it repaired as soon as possible.

　　How to rid of run-on? Here are a few approaches:

　　有如下幾種方法可消除不分段句 。

　　The air conditioner is broken and has to be repaired as soon as possible.

　　(使用連詞"and")

　　The air conditioner is broken; it has to be repaired as soon as possible.

　　(用分號(hào)隔開(kāi)這兩個(gè)句子)

　　The air conditioner is broken. We must have it repaired as soon as possible.

　　(用句號(hào)隔開(kāi)這兩個(gè)句子)