名師指導有用的英語寫作訓練方法(2)
名師指導有用的英語寫作訓練方法
二、句子訓練
英語句子類型并不復雜,從結(jié)構(gòu)上可分為簡單句、并列句、復雜句。從功能上分為陳述句、祈使句、疑問句和感嘆句。教師要培養(yǎng)學生綜合使用不同句子類型的意識。
具體方法如下:
1.代入法。
這是進行英語寫作時最常用的方法。學生在掌握一定的詞匯和短語之后,結(jié)合一定的語法知識,按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,直接用英語代入相應的句式即可。如:
1)那項比賽吸引了大批觀眾。
The match attracted a large crowd.
2)他把蛋糕分成4 塊。
He divided the cake into four pieces.
2.還原法。
即把疑問句、強調(diào)句、倒裝句等還原成基本結(jié)構(gòu)。這是避免寫錯句子的一種有效的辦法。如:
1)這是開往格拉斯哥的火車嗎?
Is this the train for Glasgow?
還原為陳述句:This is the train for Glasgow.
2)他是因為愛我的錢才同我結(jié)了婚。
It was because he loved my money that he married me.還原為非強調(diào)句:Because he loved my money,hemarried me.
3.分解法。
就是把一個句子分成兩個或兩個以上的句子。這樣既能把意思表達得更明了,又能減少寫錯句子的幾率。如:
1)我們要干就要干好。
If we do a thing,we should do it well.
2)從各地來的學生中有許多是北方人。
There are students here from all over the country. Manyof them are from the North.
4.合并法。
就是把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用一個復合句或較復雜的簡單句表達出來。這種方法最能體現(xiàn)學生的英語表達能力,同時也最能提高文章的可讀性。如:
1) 我們迷路了,這使我們的野營旅行變成了一次冒險。
Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we gotlost.
2)狼是高度群體化的動物,它們的成功依賴于合作。
Wolves are highly social animals whose success dependson their coopera-tion.
5.移位法。
由于英語和漢語在表達習慣上存在差異,根據(jù)表達的需要,某些成分需要前置或后移。如:
1) 他發(fā)現(xiàn)賺點外快很容易。He found it easy to earnextra money.
注:it 在此為形式賓語,真正的賓語是句末的不定式to earn extra money.
2)直到我遇到你以后,我才真正體會到幸福。
It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.注:not…until…為英語中的固定句式,其意為“直到……才……”。
6.意譯法。
有的同學在寫句子時,一遇見生詞或不熟悉的表達,就以為是“山窮水盡”了。其實,此時我們可以設(shè)法繞開難點,在保持原意的基礎(chǔ)上,用不同的表達方式寫出來。如:
1) 有志者事竟成。Where there is a will,there is away.
2)你可以同我們一起去或是呆在家中,悉聽尊便。
You can go with us or stay at home,whichever youchoose.
當然,同學們在寫句子時千萬不要拿句子去套方法,也不要拿方法去套句子。處處留心皆學問。只要加強知識的積累,一定還會有更多更好的方法。
三、段落組織方法訓練
主題句是表達段落主題的句子,用以概括大意,表明作者的觀點、態(tài)度,或指出作者的寫作意圖,是段落中心思想的體現(xiàn),因此是段落的核心。主題句限制著在段落中討論的主題范圍,文章發(fā)展的模式,是整個段落的綱領(lǐng)。主題句的好壞,直接關(guān)系到段落的成功與否。主題句出現(xiàn)的位置有以下三種情況:
1.段首主題句。
主題句一般位于句首,這符合英國民族的思維特點。開門見山提出主題,隨后輔以詳細說明。例如:【范例】Imust study hard so that I could catch up with my classmates.I had to stay at home during my last hollidays.I began tolearn the lessons by myself. I studied some of my subjectsfrom classroom. Usually I read English in the morning anddid my homework in the afternoon. I telephoned my teachersand classmates when I had questions in my studies. Theygave me much help. Now I know it is important to learn howto study. I think I must study harder than before.
2.段中主題句。
有時為了使段落多樣化,主題句也可居于段中。例如:
【范例】In 2005 you will sleep later because your job willstart later in the morning. This is just one of the many waysthat will make life in 2005 different from what it is today.Too,machines will do most of your routine work for you.Also,you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore,you will talk to your friends on a picture telephone.Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distantplaces since transportation will be so much faster and cheaper.
3.段尾主題句。
用推理方法展開段落時,主題句往往位于句末。例如:【范例】May 6,2003. Sunday Sunny? Today I went toa park. When I was playing,I saw a girl. She was eatingbananas. After eating,she threw some banana skins on theground. I think it's a bad behavior. We shouldn't do likethat. We must protect environment and keep our environmentclean and beautiful.
四、完整作文寫作訓練
作文訓練重點要放在常見的描寫、記敘、說明和議論四種文體上,教師應指導學生抓住四種不同問題的寫作特點,強調(diào)四種問題的用詞特點、語言風格和謀篇布局。