雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法
雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法
雅思聽力的題型若粗略劃分大抵可歸為兩類,填空和選擇,而各類選擇題相較于填空題則更讓考生們頭疼。其中,選擇題的審題量是重要原因之一。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼难潘悸犃χx項(xiàng)分類聽力法,希望能幫到大家!
雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法
雅思聽力的題型若粗略劃分大抵可歸為兩類,填空和選擇,而各類選擇題相較于填空題則更讓考生們頭疼。其中,選擇題的審題量是重要原因之一。即便是單選題(一個(gè)問題和三個(gè)選項(xiàng))大多數(shù)考生也很難在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀,對選項(xiàng)多則七個(gè)左右的多選題或是配對題更是如此。因此,有必要對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一定的簡化,減少聽力閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)分類法,按照選項(xiàng)間的相似性或?qū)α⑿詫λo選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分類,能夠縮小聽力關(guān)注范圍,提高聽力準(zhǔn)確性。下面筆者將集中關(guān)注劍橋,從單選、多選和配對題三個(gè)方面展示選項(xiàng)分類法的應(yīng)用。
1. 單選題
Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2
Q19 The number of students counseled by the service last year was
A 214
B 240
C 2600
原文:… last academic year, in spite of staff cuts, we counseled two hundred and forty international students for a total of twenty-six hundred hours counseling…
該題可算是選項(xiàng)分類法具代表性的例子,三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為相對于文字而更為直觀的數(shù)字。稍具聽力做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同學(xué)都能很快確定這題考查的核心點(diǎn)是fourteen和forty,基于這樣的對立性,便可將A、B 劃分為一類,C為另一類。在這里需要重點(diǎn)指出的是,選項(xiàng)分類法對不是簡單地將歸為另一類的C選項(xiàng)排除,而只是說A、B選項(xiàng)有且只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)存在,或是說將1/3的答案正確性提高到了1/2。其實(shí),C項(xiàng)2600在原文也有出現(xiàn),只是其修飾對象為hours,而不是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞students,這才將它排除。
對于選項(xiàng)為文字的選題來說,就不能獲取向數(shù)字一樣直觀的信息,所以必須通過對選項(xiàng)中的同義或是反義的表達(dá)的理解實(shí)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)類別的劃分。
Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2
Q16 Students should consult Glenda Roberts if
A their general health is poor.
B their diet is too strict.
C they can’t eat the local food.
原文:You may also be off your food, or you may have dietary problems because the local food is not to your liking…
快速閱讀選項(xiàng),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)的相似之處,diet 和food 同義,因此可將兩者劃為一類。
Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2
Q19 The university accommodation officer will
A send a list of agents for students to agents.
B contact accommodation agencies for students.
C ensure that students have suitable accommodation.
原文:… we have a full-time accommodation officer… will deal with the agencies on your behalf.
A 項(xiàng)的表述可理解為“宿管員將房屋中介的信息給學(xué)生們,讓學(xué)生自己去聯(lián)系”,而B項(xiàng)傳遞的信息為“宿管員幫學(xué)生聯(lián)系房屋中介,了解相關(guān)房屋信息。”這兩者之間存在明顯的對立性,可歸為一類。
2. 多選題
Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2
Qs 11-12 What TWO advantages does the speaker say Rexford University has for the students he is s peaking to?
A higher than average results in examinations
B good transportation links with central London
C near London Airport
D special government funding
E good links with local industry
原文:… there is I think at Rexford an excellent combination of physical and geographical advantages… Rexford is just 35 minutes from London Airport… have unusually close relationship with industry in the area.
多選題相對于單選題信息量更大,更難把握,但只要能發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)間的聯(lián)系就能簡化選項(xiàng)。這題非常適合應(yīng)用選項(xiàng)分類法,因?yàn)殚_篇句甚至就明確給出了劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),地理優(yōu)勢和自身優(yōu)勢兩方面:
Physical advantages: A, D, E
Geographical advantages: B, C
如果聽力原文中并沒有給出明確的有效信息,那就必須通過句意的理解確立選項(xiàng)劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 3
Qs 28-30 Which THERE topics do this term’s study skills workshops cover?
A An introduction to the Internet
B How to carry out research for a dissertation
C Making good use of the whole range of library services
D Planning a dissertation
E Standard requirements when writing a dissertation
F Using the Internet when doing research
G What books and technical resources are available in the library
原文:The first one’s resources … How to use the library’s resources… This term it’s finding research materials online…It’s a workshop on dissertations…how to write one? …
該題是典型的復(fù)雜長項(xiàng)選擇題,在快速獲取各選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞后,就不難進(jìn)行劃分:
Internet: A, F
Dissertation: B, D, E
Resources: C, G
3. 配對題
Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 3
Qs 23-27 What recommendation does Dr Johnson make about the journal articles?
A must read
B useful
C limited value
D read first section
E read research methods
F read conclusion
G don’t read
Example: Anderson and Hawker: A
Jackson: 23 _____________
Roberts: 24 _____________
Morris: 25 _____________
Cooper: 26_____________
Forster: 27_____________
原文:… look at the part on research methodology…if it’s useful, I’ll try and read that one … I won’t bother with Morris…just look at the last part…It’s not bad and could be of some help, but not that much.
雖然已知信息貌似繁雜,但這題配對題也能很好體現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)分類法的優(yōu)勢。首先,從例子入手,A項(xiàng) must read與之對應(yīng)的即為G項(xiàng) don’t read,于是對剩下的選項(xiàng)就有了清晰的分類思路。
Value: B, C
Parts of articles: D, E, F
不是所有配對題都能恰好滿足運(yùn)用選項(xiàng)分類法的條件,選項(xiàng)中可能只有小部分存在內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,但這并不違背運(yùn)用該解題方法簡化選項(xiàng)、縮小范圍、提高準(zhǔn)確性的初衷。
Cambridge 7 Test 2 Section 4
Qs 37-40 Which statement applies to each of the following people who were interviewed by Shona?
A gave false data
B decided to stop participating
C refused to tell Shona about their job
D kept changing their mind about participating
E became very angry with Shona
F was worried about confidentiality
People interviewed by Shona
37 a person interviewed in the street_____________
38 an undergraduate at the university _____________
39 a colleague in her apartment _______________
40 a tutor in a foreign university ______________
原文:…decided to pull out when it came to the second round; …wanted reassurance the no name would be traceable from the answers; …one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t, and in the end he did do; …he wouldn’t tell me exactly what his work involved.
若依照上面已經(jīng)論述的選項(xiàng)分類法的應(yīng)用技巧分析該配對題的選項(xiàng),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難將A 項(xiàng)與下面的某個(gè)選項(xiàng)歸為一類,如果就此糾結(jié)只會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。必須跳出所謂的框架限制!決不能為了方法而方法。Participating: B, D; Emotion: C, E。F項(xiàng)也不能找到對應(yīng)的同類項(xiàng),但可確定關(guān)鍵詞confidentiality。這樣的分析也能獲得清晰的解題思路。
后需要再次指出的是,不是所有選擇題都可以或是只能適用選項(xiàng)分類法。該方法有其適用的特定條件,各選項(xiàng)必須存在明顯或是隱含的相似性或是對立性,而且往往是在和其他方法,尤其是關(guān)鍵詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換法,一起使用時(shí)才能更快更準(zhǔn)的鎖定正確答案。此外,選項(xiàng)分類法不是簡單地將歸為另一類的選項(xiàng)排除,而只是說歸為一類的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)在聽力原文中通常是有且只有一個(gè)存在,是一種隱性提高選擇題的答案正確率的方法。
雅思聽力機(jī)經(jīng)詞匯
Section 1 版本號 場景 題型
V08112 S1 Hotel booking Completion
詳細(xì)說明
為父親過生日的酒店選址
1. 價(jià)格:75
2. 吃飯標(biāo)準(zhǔn):standard
3. 菜式:traditional
4. 價(jià)格:39.5
5. drinks are extra
6. 酒店可以幫助聯(lián)系band
7. 可以提供flowers
8. 還可以幫助制作name cards
9. 如果提前一個(gè)月預(yù)訂,住宿可以享受45%的折扣
10. 預(yù)訂請聯(lián)系:Corgen
Section 2 版本號 場景 題型
New Health Care Center Multiple Choice / Map
詳細(xì)說明
一個(gè)醫(yī)院的簡介和結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇題
11. 這個(gè)health care center有多少病人? B. 5000
12. 哪個(gè)醫(yī)生主治hearing problem? B. Dr. Green
13. 可以和女醫(yī)生的見面時(shí)間是:A. every weekday morning
14. 病人們可以在哪里買藥? C. Health care's pharmacy
15. 病人們會(huì)被問道是否同意做什么? A. one student attending in the consultation
地圖題16-20:
醫(yī)院里面每個(gè)房間的分布圖(reception, manager room, Dr. Smith’s room, recording room)
16. reception: F (左上角)
17. H
18. B
19. manager room: C (兩個(gè)store room中間)
20. D
Section 3 版本號 場景 題型
V09138 S3 Wind Power Completion
詳細(xì)說明
關(guān)于澳洲的風(fēng)力發(fā)電
21. 除了發(fā)電作用,還有抽water的作用
22. 風(fēng)車站建設(shè)之初的目的是進(jìn)行research
23. 有人擔(dān)心風(fēng)車會(huì)很noisy
24. 會(huì)傷害birds
25. 架風(fēng)車和plane一樣大
26. half的電都是這個(gè)風(fēng)車站發(fā)的
27. Europe
28. 當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民建設(shè)風(fēng)車會(huì)從government得到補(bǔ)貼
29. lower
30. 渦輪機(jī)是用玻璃和timber做成的
Section 4 版本號 場景 題型
V09141 S3 Shipping Multiple choice / Completion
詳細(xì)說明
一個(gè)shipping公司的歷史
選擇題
31. 為什么想建立公司?因?yàn)閔is first job
32. 他的公司建立后如何?immediately profitable
33. 他覺得蒸汽船在以后會(huì)?more reliable
34. 他中標(biāo)以后,做了什么?set up a new company
35. 他為什么選擇在Boston建立公司?once worked before
36. 1944年的事件說明了什么?Boston is not suitable for a port
填空題
37. radio技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得航行中的communication更為方便了
38. newspapers的出現(xiàn)使得航行不那么無聊了
39. speed一直是shipping公司的追求
40. 人們開始把船和hotels相比