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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)英語 > 英語聽力 > 雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法

雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法

時(shí)間: 騰宇1219 分享

雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法

  雅思聽力的題型若粗略劃分大抵可歸為兩類,填空和選擇,而各類選擇題相較于填空題則更讓考生們頭疼。其中,選擇題的審題量是重要原因之一。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼难潘悸犃χx項(xiàng)分類聽力法,希望能幫到大家!

  雅思聽力之選項(xiàng)分類聽力法

  雅思聽力的題型若粗略劃分大抵可歸為兩類,填空和選擇,而各類選擇題相較于填空題則更讓考生們頭疼。其中,選擇題的審題量是重要原因之一。即便是單選題(一個(gè)問題和三個(gè)選項(xiàng))大多數(shù)考生也很難在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀,對選項(xiàng)多則七個(gè)左右的多選題或是配對題更是如此。因此,有必要對選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一定的簡化,減少聽力閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)。選項(xiàng)分類法,按照選項(xiàng)間的相似性或?qū)α⑿詫λo選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分類,能夠縮小聽力關(guān)注范圍,提高聽力準(zhǔn)確性。下面筆者將集中關(guān)注劍橋,從單選、多選和配對題三個(gè)方面展示選項(xiàng)分類法的應(yīng)用。

  1. 單選題

  Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2

  Q19 The number of students counseled by the service last year was

  A 214

  B 240

  C 2600

  原文:… last academic year, in spite of staff cuts, we counseled two hundred and forty international students for a total of twenty-six hundred hours counseling…

  該題可算是選項(xiàng)分類法具代表性的例子,三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為相對于文字而更為直觀的數(shù)字。稍具聽力做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)的同學(xué)都能很快確定這題考查的核心點(diǎn)是fourteen和forty,基于這樣的對立性,便可將A、B 劃分為一類,C為另一類。在這里需要重點(diǎn)指出的是,選項(xiàng)分類法對不是簡單地將歸為另一類的C選項(xiàng)排除,而只是說A、B選項(xiàng)有且只有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)存在,或是說將1/3的答案正確性提高到了1/2。其實(shí),C項(xiàng)2600在原文也有出現(xiàn),只是其修飾對象為hours,而不是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞students,這才將它排除。

  對于選項(xiàng)為文字的選題來說,就不能獲取向數(shù)字一樣直觀的信息,所以必須通過對選項(xiàng)中的同義或是反義的表達(dá)的理解實(shí)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)類別的劃分。

  Cambridge 4 Test 2 Section 2

  Q16 Students should consult Glenda Roberts if

  A their general health is poor.

  B their diet is too strict.

  C they can’t eat the local food.

  原文:You may also be off your food, or you may have dietary problems because the local food is not to your liking…

  快速閱讀選項(xiàng),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)的相似之處,diet 和food 同義,因此可將兩者劃為一類。

  Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2

  Q19 The university accommodation officer will

  A send a list of agents for students to agents.

  B contact accommodation agencies for students.

  C ensure that students have suitable accommodation.

  原文:… we have a full-time accommodation officer… will deal with the agencies on your behalf.

  A 項(xiàng)的表述可理解為“宿管員將房屋中介的信息給學(xué)生們,讓學(xué)生自己去聯(lián)系”,而B項(xiàng)傳遞的信息為“宿管員幫學(xué)生聯(lián)系房屋中介,了解相關(guān)房屋信息。”這兩者之間存在明顯的對立性,可歸為一類。

  2. 多選題

  Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2

  Qs 11-12 What TWO advantages does the speaker say Rexford University has for the students he is s peaking to?

  A higher than average results in examinations

  B good transportation links with central London

  C near London Airport

  D special government funding

  E good links with local industry

  原文:… there is I think at Rexford an excellent combination of physical and geographical advantages… Rexford is just 35 minutes from London Airport… have unusually close relationship with industry in the area.

  多選題相對于單選題信息量更大,更難把握,但只要能發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)間的聯(lián)系就能簡化選項(xiàng)。這題非常適合應(yīng)用選項(xiàng)分類法,因?yàn)殚_篇句甚至就明確給出了劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),地理優(yōu)勢和自身優(yōu)勢兩方面:

  Physical advantages: A, D, E

  Geographical advantages: B, C

  如果聽力原文中并沒有給出明確的有效信息,那就必須通過句意的理解確立選項(xiàng)劃分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

  Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 3

  Qs 28-30 Which THERE topics do this term’s study skills workshops cover?

  A An introduction to the Internet

  B How to carry out research for a dissertation

  C Making good use of the whole range of library services

  D Planning a dissertation

  E Standard requirements when writing a dissertation

  F Using the Internet when doing research

  G What books and technical resources are available in the library

  原文:The first one’s resources … How to use the library’s resources… This term it’s finding research materials online…It’s a workshop on dissertations…how to write one? …

  該題是典型的復(fù)雜長項(xiàng)選擇題,在快速獲取各選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞后,就不難進(jìn)行劃分:

  Internet: A, F

  Dissertation: B, D, E

  Resources: C, G

  3. 配對題

  Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 3

  Qs 23-27 What recommendation does Dr Johnson make about the journal articles?

  A must read

  B useful

  C limited value

  D read first section

  E read research methods

  F read conclusion

  G don’t read

  Example: Anderson and Hawker: A

  Jackson: 23 _____________

  Roberts: 24 _____________

  Morris: 25 _____________

  Cooper: 26_____________

  Forster: 27_____________

  原文:… look at the part on research methodology…if it’s useful, I’ll try and read that one … I won’t bother with Morris…just look at the last part…It’s not bad and could be of some help, but not that much.

  雖然已知信息貌似繁雜,但這題配對題也能很好體現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)分類法的優(yōu)勢。首先,從例子入手,A項(xiàng) must read與之對應(yīng)的即為G項(xiàng) don’t read,于是對剩下的選項(xiàng)就有了清晰的分類思路。

  Value: B, C

  Parts of articles: D, E, F

  不是所有配對題都能恰好滿足運(yùn)用選項(xiàng)分類法的條件,選項(xiàng)中可能只有小部分存在內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,但這并不違背運(yùn)用該解題方法簡化選項(xiàng)、縮小范圍、提高準(zhǔn)確性的初衷。

  Cambridge 7 Test 2 Section 4

  Qs 37-40 Which statement applies to each of the following people who were interviewed by Shona?

  A gave false data

  B decided to stop participating

  C refused to tell Shona about their job

  D kept changing their mind about participating

  E became very angry with Shona

  F was worried about confidentiality

  People interviewed by Shona

  37 a person interviewed in the street_____________

  38 an undergraduate at the university _____________

  39 a colleague in her apartment _______________

  40 a tutor in a foreign university ______________

  原文:…decided to pull out when it came to the second round; …wanted reassurance the no name would be traceable from the answers; …one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t, and in the end he did do; …he wouldn’t tell me exactly what his work involved.

  若依照上面已經(jīng)論述的選項(xiàng)分類法的應(yīng)用技巧分析該配對題的選項(xiàng),就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難將A 項(xiàng)與下面的某個(gè)選項(xiàng)歸為一類,如果就此糾結(jié)只會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。必須跳出所謂的框架限制!決不能為了方法而方法。Participating: B, D; Emotion: C, E。F項(xiàng)也不能找到對應(yīng)的同類項(xiàng),但可確定關(guān)鍵詞confidentiality。這樣的分析也能獲得清晰的解題思路。

  后需要再次指出的是,不是所有選擇題都可以或是只能適用選項(xiàng)分類法。該方法有其適用的特定條件,各選項(xiàng)必須存在明顯或是隱含的相似性或是對立性,而且往往是在和其他方法,尤其是關(guān)鍵詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換法,一起使用時(shí)才能更快更準(zhǔn)的鎖定正確答案。此外,選項(xiàng)分類法不是簡單地將歸為另一類的選項(xiàng)排除,而只是說歸為一類的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)在聽力原文中通常是有且只有一個(gè)存在,是一種隱性提高選擇題的答案正確率的方法。

  雅思聽力機(jī)經(jīng)詞匯

  Section 1 版本號 場景 題型

  V08112 S1 Hotel booking Completion

  詳細(xì)說明

  為父親過生日的酒店選址

  1. 價(jià)格:75

  2. 吃飯標(biāo)準(zhǔn):standard

  3. 菜式:traditional

  4. 價(jià)格:39.5

  5. drinks are extra

  6. 酒店可以幫助聯(lián)系band

  7. 可以提供flowers

  8. 還可以幫助制作name cards

  9. 如果提前一個(gè)月預(yù)訂,住宿可以享受45%的折扣

  10. 預(yù)訂請聯(lián)系:Corgen

  Section 2 版本號 場景 題型

  New Health Care Center Multiple Choice / Map

  詳細(xì)說明

  一個(gè)醫(yī)院的簡介和結(jié)構(gòu)

  選擇題

  11. 這個(gè)health care center有多少病人? B. 5000

  12. 哪個(gè)醫(yī)生主治hearing problem? B. Dr. Green

  13. 可以和女醫(yī)生的見面時(shí)間是:A. every weekday morning

  14. 病人們可以在哪里買藥? C. Health care's pharmacy

  15. 病人們會(huì)被問道是否同意做什么? A. one student attending in the consultation

  地圖題16-20:

  醫(yī)院里面每個(gè)房間的分布圖(reception, manager room, Dr. Smith’s room, recording room)

  16. reception: F (左上角)

  17. H

  18. B

  19. manager room: C (兩個(gè)store room中間)

  20. D

  Section 3 版本號 場景 題型

  V09138 S3 Wind Power Completion

  詳細(xì)說明

  關(guān)于澳洲的風(fēng)力發(fā)電

  21. 除了發(fā)電作用,還有抽water的作用

  22. 風(fēng)車站建設(shè)之初的目的是進(jìn)行research

  23. 有人擔(dān)心風(fēng)車會(huì)很noisy

  24. 會(huì)傷害birds

  25. 架風(fēng)車和plane一樣大

  26. half的電都是這個(gè)風(fēng)車站發(fā)的

  27. Europe

  28. 當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民建設(shè)風(fēng)車會(huì)從government得到補(bǔ)貼

  29. lower

  30. 渦輪機(jī)是用玻璃和timber做成的

  Section 4 版本號 場景 題型

  V09141 S3 Shipping Multiple choice / Completion

  詳細(xì)說明

  一個(gè)shipping公司的歷史

  選擇題

  31. 為什么想建立公司?因?yàn)閔is first job

  32. 他的公司建立后如何?immediately profitable

  33. 他覺得蒸汽船在以后會(huì)?more reliable

  34. 他中標(biāo)以后,做了什么?set up a new company

  35. 他為什么選擇在Boston建立公司?once worked before

  36. 1944年的事件說明了什么?Boston is not suitable for a port

  填空題

  37. radio技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)使得航行中的communication更為方便了

  38. newspapers的出現(xiàn)使得航行不那么無聊了

  39. speed一直是shipping公司的追求

  40. 人們開始把船和hotels相比

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