計算機(jī)是人類科學(xué)技術(shù)上一項(xiàng)偉大的成就，如今計算機(jī)的應(yīng)用范圍已經(jīng)從科學(xué)計算擴(kuò)展到人類社會的各個領(lǐng)域。計算機(jī)之所以如此普及，是由其自身特點(diǎn)所決定的。接下來小編為大家整理了計算機(jī)的應(yīng)用包括哪些呢?希望對你有幫助哦!

　　Computer—Our Good Fellows

　　Whatever you are， a scientist， a manager， an architect， a lawyer， a notice or a successful scholar; and no matter whatever you are diligent， or lazy， in the modern work， study and life ， you always need our common good friends – computers.

　　A computer is an erudite tutor， and a talented secretary who can draw up documents， manage data， design blueprints， type papers and so on. Furthermore， the computer is the most obedient and diligent “house-keeper” or “servant” of housewives; it is also a game expert admired by children. Oh， the computer is really a welcome fellow of ours.

　　Expert System

　　An expert system is a software system having some domain knowledge， which can solve some problems for people. Its performance depends on the facts and the rules that are fed into the computer. The expert knowledge is gathered by knowledge engineers from human experts in the field such as medicine， engineering， or geology. For example， in the field of medicine， one question that might be asked of an expert system is whether one treatment is better for a patient than another one. An expert system has the capacity to store the collection of knowledge and manipulate it in response to user's inquiries， in some cases， it can explain responses to the user.

　　Office Automation

　　Office Automation (OA) is the application of the computer and communication technologies to improve the productivity of clerical and managerial office workers， The major functions of the OA system include text processing， electronic mail， information storage and retrieval， task management， and etc…… Today， there have been many OA systems， for example， desktop publishing， video conference， videotext and so on. So， many office workers can easily find the information they want through a personal computer sitting on his or her desk， It changes substantially the way people work in an office.

　　Artificial Intelligence

　　For many years， researchers have been exploring the way people think in hopes of creating a computer that thinks like a person. This is so called Artificial Intelligence (AI)。 It aims at producing a computer system that will be able to communicate with us by speech and hearing， and be capable of solving intelligent problems. One practical application of AI has been in the area of expert systems. An expert system is a computer program that solves the specialized problems at the level of a human expert.

　　Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)

　　CAI is an educational concept that places the student in a conversational mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study plan. The programmed course selects the next topic or phase of study according to previous responses from the student， allowing each student to process at a place directly related to his or her learning capability.

　　計算機(jī)——我們的好伙伴

　　無論你是一個科學(xué)家還是管理人員，無論你是建筑師還是律師，無論你是一個初踏學(xué)路的學(xué)生還是成就卓著的學(xué)者，無論你勤奮還是懶惰，在現(xiàn)代工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活中，我們有了一位大家共同的好朋友——計算機(jī)。

　　計算機(jī)是一個知識淵博的家庭教師，是一個有才華的“秘書”，他能夠起草公文、管理數(shù)據(jù)、設(shè)計圖紙、編寫稿件等等，甚至，它是一個家庭主婦們最聽話、最勤奮的“管家”和“服務(wù)員”，它也是孩子們欽佩的游戲高手。噢，計算機(jī)是受大家歡迎的好伙伴。

　　專家系統(tǒng)

　　專家系統(tǒng)是具有某一領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識，可以幫助人們解決某些問題的軟件系統(tǒng)。它的運(yùn)行以儲存在計算機(jī)中的事實(shí)和規(guī)則為依據(jù)。這些專家知識是知識工程師從相應(yīng)的醫(yī)學(xué)、工程、地理等領(lǐng)域的人類專家那兒收集得到的。例如在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，可以向?qū)＜蚁到y(tǒng)提問對某病人的一種診斷方案是否比另一種更好。專家系統(tǒng)具有儲存收集的知識并操縱這些知識對用戶的提問作出反應(yīng)的能力，在某些情況下，它甚至可以向用戶解釋作出這種反應(yīng)的原因。

　　辦公自動化

　　辦公自動化是計算機(jī)和通信技術(shù)在改善辦事人員和管理人員的工作效率方面的一種應(yīng)用。辦公自動化系統(tǒng)的主要功能包括文本處理、電子函件、信息存儲和檢索、任務(wù)管理等。今天已經(jīng)有許多辦公自動化系統(tǒng)，如：桌面印刷系統(tǒng)、電視會議、電視傳視等，所以，許多辦公室工作人員可以通過他們桌子上的個人計算機(jī)輕松地找到他們所需要的信息。這極大地改變了人們在辦公室里的工作方式。

　　人工智能

　　許多年以來，研究人員就開始探索人們思考問題的方式，期望創(chuàng)建一種能夠像人一樣思考的計算機(jī)。這就是所謂的人工智能。其目的就是為了建立一種計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，使之能夠通過“聽”和“說”同我們進(jìn)行通信，并具有解決智能問題的能力。人工智能的一個實(shí)際應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域是專家系統(tǒng)。所謂專家系統(tǒng)是一個計算機(jī)程序，它能夠用人類專家的水平去解決一些特別的問題。

　　計算機(jī)輔助教學(xué)(CAI)

　　CAI是一種教育思想，它使學(xué)生在計算機(jī)進(jìn)行對話的過程中學(xué)習(xí)。計算機(jī)中存有預(yù)先測定好的學(xué)習(xí)計劃，這些預(yù)先編制好的課程能夠根據(jù)學(xué)生回答情況選擇下一步學(xué)習(xí)的標(biāo)題或階段，使每個學(xué)生以適合自己學(xué)習(xí)能力的速度進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。