計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程閱讀
計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程閱讀
學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)的同學(xué)也需要去掌握一些常用的計(jì)算機(jī)英語，為幫助大家邊學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)知識邊練習(xí)英語能力，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)碛?jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程閱讀，歡迎大家一起學(xué)習(xí)!
計(jì)算機(jī)軟件專業(yè)英語教程篇一
Computer hardware has four parts: the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, storagehardware, input hardware, and output hardware.
計(jì)算機(jī)硬件具有四部分：中央處理器和內(nèi)存、存儲硬件、輸入硬件和輸出硬件。
The part of the computer that runs the program is known as the processor or central processingunit (CPU). In a microcomputer, the CPU is on a single electronic component, themicroprocessor chip, within the system unit or system cabinet. The CPU itself has two parts:the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit. In a microcomputer, these are both on themicrocomputer chip.
計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行程序的部分被稱為處理器或中央處理單元。在微型計(jì)算機(jī)中，是在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的電子元件上，即微處理器芯片上，它在系統(tǒng)單元內(nèi)或系統(tǒng)機(jī)箱內(nèi)。本身具有兩個(gè)部分：控制單元和算術(shù)一邏輯單元。在微型計(jì)算機(jī)中，這兩個(gè)部分都在微型機(jī)芯片上。
The Control Unit ——The control unit tells the rest of the computer system how to carry out aprogram's instructions. It directs the movement of electronic signals between memory and thearithmetic-logic unit. It also directs these control signals between the CPU and input andoutput devices.
控制單元控制單元告訴計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的其他部分如何完成程序指令。它指導(dǎo)著內(nèi)存和算術(shù)一邏輯單元之間的電子信號的移動。它也指揮著CPU和輸入輸出設(shè)備之間的控制信號。
The Arithmetic-Logic Unit——The arithmetic-logic unit, usually called the ALU, performs twotypes of operations—arithmetic and logical. Arithmetic operations are, as you might expect,the fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Logicaloperations consist of comparisons. That is , two pieces of data are compared to see whether oneis equal to, less than, or greater than the other.
算術(shù)-邏輯單元算術(shù)-邏輯單元,通常被稱為ALU，完成兩類運(yùn)箅一算術(shù)和邏輯。 算術(shù)運(yùn)算,如你所期望的，是基本的數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算：加、減、乘、除。邏輯運(yùn)算是由比較(運(yùn) 算)構(gòu)成的。也就是說，用數(shù)據(jù)的兩部分進(jìn)行比較，以看其中一個(gè)是否是等于、小于或大于另外一個(gè)。
Memory ——Memory is also known as primary storage, internal storage, it temporarilyholds data, program instructions, and information. One of the most important facts to knowabout memory is that part of its content is held only temporarily. In other words, it is storedonly as long as the computer is turned on. When you turn the machine off, the contentimmediately vanish. The stored contents in memory are volatile and can vanish very quickly.
內(nèi)存內(nèi)存也被稱為主存儲器、內(nèi)部存儲器,它臨時(shí)地存儲數(shù)據(jù)、程序指令和信息。對于內(nèi)存需要了解的一個(gè)最重要的事實(shí)是它所保存的內(nèi)容只是臨時(shí)的。換句話說，它只在計(jì)算機(jī)開著時(shí)才保存(數(shù)據(jù))當(dāng)機(jī)器被關(guān)閉時(shí)，其內(nèi)容會立即消失。在內(nèi)存中所存儲的信息是易失性的并能很快消失。
Storage Hardware——The purpose of storage hardware is to provide a means of storingcomputer instructions and data in a form that is relatively permanent, that is, the data is notlost when the power is turned off—and easy to retrieve when needed for processing.There arefour kinds of storage hardware: floppy disks, hard disks, optical disk, and magnetic tape.
Floppy Disks——Floppy disks are also called diskettes, flexible disks, floppies, or simply disks.The plastic disk inside the diskette cover is flexible, not rigid. They are flat, circular pieces ofmylar plastic that rotate within a jacket. Data and programs are stored as electromagneticcharges on a metal oxide film coating the mylar plastic.
計(jì)算機(jī)軟件專業(yè)英語教程篇二
軟盤又被稱為軟磁盤、可彎曲磁盤、軟盤、或簡單地稱為磁盤。在磁盤表面內(nèi)部的塑料盤是柔軟的，不是堅(jiān)硬的。這些塑料盤是平的、在一個(gè)套子內(nèi)部旋轉(zhuǎn)的圓的聚脂塑料片。程序和數(shù)據(jù)是以電磁荷的形式存儲在聚脂塑料外面包著的金屬氧化膠片上。
Hard Disks——Hard disks consist of metallic rather than plastic platters. They are tightly sealedto prevent any foreign matter from getting inside. Hard disks are extremely sensitiveinstruments. The read-write head rides on a cushion of air about 0.000001 inch thick. It is sothin that a smoke particle, fingerprint, dust, or human hair could cause what is known as ahead crash. A head crash happens when the surface of the read-write head or particles on itssurface contact the magnetic disk surface. A head crash is a disaster for a hard disk. It meansthat some or all of the data on the disk is destroyed. Hard disks are assembled under sterileconditions and sealed from impurities within their permanent containers.
硬盤硬盤是由金屬盤片而不是塑料盤片組成的。它們被緊緊地密封起來，以防止外界東西進(jìn)入。硬盤是非常靈敏的設(shè)備。讀寫頭浮在大約0.000001英寸厚的空氣氣墊上。它是如此的薄，以至于煙粒、指印、灰塵或者頭發(fā)都可能引起磁頭劃傷。當(dāng)讀寫頭的表面或表面上的微粒與磁盤表而接觸時(shí)就會發(fā)生磁頭劃傷。磁頭劃傷對于硬盤來講是災(zāi)難，它意味著磁盤上的數(shù)據(jù)部分或全部丟失。硬盤是在無菌條件下安裝并且密封在遠(yuǎn)離雜質(zhì)的永久的容器內(nèi)。
Optical Disks——Optical disks are used for storing great quantities of data. An optical disk canhold 650 megabytes of data—the equivalent of hundreds of floppy disks. Moreover, an opticaldiskmakes an immense amount of information available on a microcomputer. In optical-disktechnology, a laser beam alters the surface of a plastic or metallic disk to represent data. Toread the data, a laser scans these areas and sends the data to a computer chip forconversion.
光盤光盤用于存儲大量的數(shù)據(jù)。一個(gè)光盤可能容納650兆字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)一相當(dāng)于數(shù) 以百計(jì)的軟盤。并且光盤使得大量的信息用于微機(jī)上。在光盤技術(shù)中，激光束改變塑料 或金屬盤的表而來代表數(shù)據(jù)。為了記取數(shù)據(jù)，激光掃描這些區(qū)域并且將這些數(shù)據(jù)送給計(jì)算機(jī)芯片以轉(zhuǎn)換。
Magnetic Tape——Magnetic tape is an effective way of making a backup, or duplicate, copy ofyour programs and data. We mentioned the alarming consequences that can happen if a harddisk suffers a head crash. You will lose some or all of your data or programs. Of course, you canalways make copies of your hard-disk files on floppy disks. However, this can be time-consumingand may require many floppy disks. Magnetic tape is sequential access storage and can solvethe problem mentioned above.
磁帶磁帶是備份，即復(fù)制、拷貝程序和數(shù)據(jù)的有效方法。我們曾提到如果硬盤遭遇磁頭劃傷就會產(chǎn)生令人擔(dān)憂的結(jié)果，你將會丟失部分或全部的程序或數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)然，你可以將硬盤上的文件拷貝到軟盤上。然而這很耗時(shí)，并且需要很多軟盤。磁帶是順序訪問存儲，能夠解決上面所提問題。
Input Hardware——Input devices take data and programs people can read or understand andconvert them to a form the computer can process. This is the machine-readable electronicsignals of 0s and 1s. Input hardware is of two kinds: keyboard entry and direct entry.
輸入硬件輸入硬件接收人們能讀懂的程序和數(shù)據(jù)并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為計(jì)算機(jī)能處理的形 式-這就是機(jī)器可讀的電子信號0和1。有兩種輸入硬件：鍵盤輸入和直接輸入。
Keyboard Entry——Data is input to the computer through a keyboard that looks like atypewriter keyboard but has additional keys. In this method, the user typically reads from anoriginal document called the source document. The user enters that document by typingon the keyboard.
鍵盤輸入數(shù)據(jù)通過形似打字機(jī)鍵盤但有附加鍵的鍵盤輸入到計(jì)算機(jī)。用這種方式，用戶一般讀取被稱為是源文件的初始文件。用戶通過在鍵盤上打字而輸入那個(gè)文件。
Direct Entry——Data is made into machine-readable form as it is entered into the computer,no keyboard is used. Direct entry devices may be categorized into three areas: pointing devices(for example, mouse, touch screen, light pen, digitizer are all pointing devices), scanningdevices (for example, image scanner, fax machine, bar-code reader are all scanning devices),and voice-input devices.
直接輸入當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)輸入到計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)，是以機(jī)器可讀懂的形式輸入的，不需要鍵盤。直接輸入設(shè)備可以被分成三類：指針設(shè)備(如：鼠標(biāo)、觸摸屏、光筆、數(shù)字化儀都是指針設(shè)備)、掃描設(shè)備(如圖像掃描儀、傳真機(jī)、條形碼讀器都是掃描設(shè)備)和聲音輸入設(shè)備。
Output Hardware——Output devices convert machine-readable information into people-readable form. Common output devices are monitors, printers, plotters, and voice output.
輸出硬件輸出設(shè)備將機(jī)器可讀的信息轉(zhuǎn)換為人類可讀的形式。一般的輸出設(shè)備有監(jiān)視器、打印機(jī)、繪圖儀和聲音輸出設(shè)備。
Monitors——Monitors are also called display screen or video display terminals. Most monitorsthat sit on desks are built in the same way as television sets, these are called cathode-raytubes. Another type of monitor is flat-panel display, including liquid-crystal display (LCD),electroluminescent (EL) display Chapter 1 Computer Fundamentals and gas-plasmadisplay.An LCD does not emit light of its own. Rather, it consists of crystal molecules. Anelectric field causes the molecules to line up in a way that alters their optical properties.Unfortunately, many LCDs are difficult to read in sunlight or other strong light. A gas-plasmadisplay is the best type of flat screen. Like a neon light bulb, the plasma display uses a gasthat emits light in the presence of an electric current.
監(jiān)視器監(jiān)視器也被稱為屏幕顯示或視頻顯示終端。大多數(shù)放在桌面上的監(jiān)視器的制作方法同電視一樣，被稱為是陰極射線管。另一類監(jiān)視器是平板顯示器，包括液晶顯示、光電發(fā)光顯示和等離子顯示。液晶顯示自己不發(fā)射光，相反，是由晶體分子組成，電場使得這些分子排成一行，在某種程度上改變著它們的光學(xué)特性。不幸的是，許多液晶顯示器在太陽光或其他強(qiáng)光下很難讀到。等離子顯示器是平板顯示器中最好的一種，像霓光燈泡，等離子顯示器在電流存在的情況下使用一種發(fā)光的氣體。
計(jì)算機(jī)軟件專業(yè)英語教程篇三
Printers——There are four popular kinds of printers: dot-matrix, laser, ink-jet, and thermal.
打印機(jī)有四種流行的打印機(jī)：點(diǎn)陣式、激光式、噴墨式和熱敏式。
Dot-Matrix Printe——Dot-matrix printers can produce a page of text in less than 10 secondsand are highly reliable. They form characters or images using a series of small pins on a printhead. The pins strike an inked ribbon and create an image on paper. Printers are availablewith print heads of 9, 18, or 24 pins. One disadvantage of this type of printer is noise.
點(diǎn)陣式打印機(jī)能在不到幾秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)打印一頁文本并且非?？煽俊｜c(diǎn)陣式打印機(jī)利用在打印頭上的一系列小針來形成字符或圖像。這些針擊打噴墨的色帶并在紙上產(chǎn)生圖像。有9針、18針和24針的打印機(jī)，這種打印機(jī)的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是它的噪音。
Laser Printer——The laser printer creates dotlike images on a drum, using a laser beam lightsource. The characters are treated with a magnetically charged inklike toner and then aretransferred from drum to paper. A heat process is used to make the characters adhere. Thelaser printer produces images with excellent letter and graphics quality.
激光打印機(jī)使用激光束光源在磁鼓上產(chǎn)生小點(diǎn)一樣的圖像，用磁化的帶電的像墨一樣的碳粉處理這些字符，然后從磁鼓傳送到紙上，再使用熱處理過程使這些字符粘貼。激光打印機(jī)打印的圖像字符淸晰，圖像質(zhì)盤高。
Ink-Jet Printer——An ink-jet printer sprays small droplets of ink at high speed onto the surfaceof the paper. This process not only produces a letter-quality image but also permits printing tobe done in a variety of colors.
噴墨式打印機(jī)能以很高速度將小點(diǎn)狀墨汁噴到紙面上。這一過程不僅印刷高質(zhì)量的圖像，并且能打印彩色圖像。
Thermal Printer——A thermal printer uses heat elements to produce images on heat-sensitivepaper. Color thermal printers are not as popular because of their cost and the requirement ofspecifically treated paper. They are a more special use printer that produces near photographicoutput. They are widely used in professional art and design work where very high qualitycolor is essential.
熱敏式打印機(jī)使用熱元素在熱感應(yīng)紙上產(chǎn)生圖像。由于價(jià)格以及需要特殊處理的紙張，彩色熱敏打印機(jī)不是很普及。熱敏式打印機(jī)是打印逼真輸出的特殊打印機(jī)。它們被廣泛應(yīng)用在要求高質(zhì)盤彩色輸出的專業(yè)藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)工作中。
Plotters—Plotters are special-purpose output devices for producing bar charts, maps,architectural drawings, and even three-dimensional illustrations. Plotters can produce high-quality multicolor documents and also documents that are larger in size than most printers canhandle. There are four types of plotters: pen, ink-jet, electrostatic, and direct imaging.
繪圖儀是特殊用途的輸出設(shè)備，用于產(chǎn)生條形圖、地圖、建筑繪圖、甚至三維圖表。繪圖儀可以輸出高質(zhì)量的多種色彩的文檔，并且文檔的尺寸比大多數(shù)打印機(jī)能處理的要大。有四種類型的繪圖儀：鋼筆、噴墨、靜電和直接圖像。
Voice-Output Devices——Voice-output devices make sounds that resemble human speech butactually are pre-recorded vocalized sounds. Voice output is used as a reinforcement tool forlearning, such as to help students study a foreign language. It is used in many supermarkets atthe checkout counter to confirm purchases. Of course, one of the most powerful capabilities isto assist the physically challenged.
聲音輸出設(shè)備聲音輸出設(shè)備可以發(fā)出類似于人類說話的聲音，但實(shí)際上是事先錄制的聲音。聲音輸出被用作學(xué)習(xí)的加強(qiáng)工具，例如幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語。它被用于許多超市的檢驗(yàn)柜臺來確認(rèn)購買。當(dāng)然，它最強(qiáng)大的功能是用來幫助殘障者。