金融雙語(yǔ)閱讀：美國(guó)警告歐盟不要給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位

　　下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)?lái)金融雙語(yǔ)閱讀：美國(guó)警告歐盟不要給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，希望大家喜歡!

　　Washington has warned Brussels against granting China ‘market economy status’, saying the long-sought trade concession could hamper efforts to prevent Chinese companies flooding US and European markets with unfairly cheap goods. 華盛頓警告布魯塞爾不要給予中國(guó)“市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位”(MES)，稱(chēng)中方長(zhǎng)期尋求的這一貿(mào)易優(yōu)惠待遇可能妨礙阻止中國(guó)企業(yè)在美歐市場(chǎng)傾銷(xiāo)廉價(jià)得不公平的商品的努力。

　　Achieving market economy status (MES) at the World Trade Organisation is one of China’s core strategic goals. Among other benefits, it would make it far more difficult for the US or EU to impose steep tariffs on Chinese companies for unfairly dumping low-cost goods on their markets. 在世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)取得市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位是中國(guó)的核心戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)之一。其好處包括，它將顯著加大美國(guó)或歐盟針對(duì)在其市場(chǎng)不公平傾銷(xiāo)廉價(jià)商品的中國(guó)企業(yè)開(kāi)征高額關(guān)稅的難度。

　　US officials have warned EU counterparts that granting Beijing MES would amount to “unilaterally disarming” Europe’s trade defences against China. In private, they are scathing about the move, which they see as the latest example of Europeans seeking to curry favour with Beijing to gain billions of euros in investment. 美國(guó)官員警告歐盟同行稱(chēng)，給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位無(wú)異于“單方面解除”歐洲對(duì)中國(guó)的貿(mào)易防御。私底下，美國(guó)官員嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)此舉，在他們眼里，這是歐洲人為了獲得巨額投資而試圖討好北京方面的最新例證。

　　But the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, is growing increasingly sympathetic to China’s pleas. The commission is expected to make its decision as early as February. 但是，歐盟執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)——歐盟委員會(huì)(European Commission)正越來(lái)越傾向于支持中國(guó)的訴求。該機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)計(jì)最早在明年2月就會(huì)做出決定。

　　German chancellor Angela Merkel is supportive of the idea while George Osborne, the UK chancellor who has spearheaded Britain’s courtship of Beijing, is a firm advocate. 德國(guó)安格拉·默克爾(Angela Merkel)支持給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位，而力主英國(guó)迎合中國(guó)的英國(guó)財(cái)相喬治·奧斯本(George Osborne)也堅(jiān)定地支持這樣做。

　　Other European governments, led by Italy, and a growing swell of European labour unions and traditional industries — including steel, ceramics and textiles — are strongly opposed. Partly at their prompting, senior US trade officials have repeatedly raised their concerns with their European counterparts in recent months. 以意大利為首的歐洲其他國(guó)家政府，以及越來(lái)越多的歐洲工會(huì)和傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)(包括鋼鐵、陶瓷和紡織品)都強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。部分在他們的敦促下，美國(guó)高級(jí)貿(mào)易官員近月來(lái)一再向歐洲同行表達(dá)自己的關(guān)切。

　　The debate centres on a dispute over the terms of China’s agreement of accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001. Beijing has long interpreted the accord to mean that it would automatically be designated a market economy at the end of 2016. 這場(chǎng)辯論的焦點(diǎn)是如何解釋2001年中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織的條款。北京方面長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的解讀是，當(dāng)時(shí)的協(xié)議意味著它將在2016年底自動(dòng)取得市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。

　　But many trade lawyers disagree with this reading of the rules. Opponents argue that Beijing’s hand in setting prices, providing subsidies to an array of industries and other statist policies should disqualify it from MES. 但是，許多貿(mào)易律師不同意這種解讀。反對(duì)者主張，北京方面插手價(jià)格制定，向多個(gè)行業(yè)提供補(bǔ)貼，以及施行其他計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)式政策，應(yīng)該使其沒(méi)有資格獲得市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。

　　“China was accepted into the WTO almost 15 years ago on an expectation that it would now be a market economy. It is not and it would be wrong to treat it as such when it meets so few of the criteria,” said David Martin, a British Labour member of the European Parliament, which would have to support any commission proposal for MES. “中國(guó)在近15年前被世貿(mào)組織接納時(shí)，各方的期望是到了現(xiàn)在它將轉(zhuǎn)型為市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。它不是，在它達(dá)到這么少標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的情況下給予它市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位將是錯(cuò)誤的，”歐洲議會(huì)(European Parliament)的英國(guó)工黨成員戴維·馬丁(David Martin)表示。歐盟委員會(huì)給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的提案將必須獲得歐洲議會(huì)的支持。

　　The EU’s deliberations come at a particularly sensitive moment for Europe’s steel industry, which has lost a fifth of it workforce since 2009 and blames many of its woes on unfairly cheap Chinese imports. 歐盟的討論發(fā)生在一個(gè)對(duì)歐洲鋼鐵行業(yè)特別敏感的時(shí)刻，自2009年以來(lái)失去了五分之一勞動(dòng)力的該行業(yè)，把它的很多困境歸咎于廉價(jià)得不公平的中國(guó)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品。

　　At the same time, the commission is keen to repair trade relations with China after a string of acrimonious disputes in recent years. It is seeking big Chinese investments in a ￠300bn infrastructure fund designed to rekindle flagging growth in Europe. 與此同時(shí)，在近年發(fā)生了一系列激烈糾紛后，歐盟委員會(huì)眼下熱衷于修復(fù)與中國(guó)的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。它正在爭(zhēng)取中方對(duì)一只3000億歐元基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施基金大筆投資，該基金旨在提振歐洲乏力的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。

　　The commission declined to comment on its decision, which officials say is still under consideration. However, diplomats and businessmen involved in the process say momentum is building for a positive decision on MES in the first quarter of 2016. 歐盟委員會(huì)拒絕就其決定置評(píng)，官員們表示該機(jī)構(gòu)仍在考慮。然而，參與這個(gè)過(guò)程的外交官和商界人士表示，目前正在形成的勢(shì)頭意味著，該委員會(huì)在2016年第一季度很有可能做出同意給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的決定。

　　“Brussels’ attitude towards China is better than Washington’s,” said Tu Xinquan, a trade expert at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. “Of course, EU industries won’t welcome market economy status for China. But I think it’s quite likely to be granted.” “布魯塞爾對(duì)中國(guó)的態(tài)度比華盛頓更好，”對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)(University of International Business and Economics)的貿(mào)易專(zhuān)家屠新泉表示，“當(dāng)然，歐盟的產(chǎn)業(yè)界不會(huì)歡迎給予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。但我認(rèn)為中國(guó)很有希望被授予這種地位。”

　　Under WTO rules, China’s non-market economy status gives the US and EU far greater latitude in determining the fair cost of production for Chinese companies when conducting anti-dumping investigations. As a consequence, say trade lawyers, that has made it easier for complainants to prove their cases against China. 按照世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則，中國(guó)的非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位使美國(guó)和歐盟在展開(kāi)反傾銷(xiāo)調(diào)查時(shí)，在確定中國(guó)企業(yè)的公允生產(chǎn)成本方面擁有大得多的自由度。貿(mào)易律師們表示，其后果之一是，投訴方更容易證明其針對(duì)中國(guó)的投訴成立。

　　The Obama administration, which is being cheered on by US industry, is advocating a policy of inaction, which would force China to bring a challenge in the WTO and thus put the onus on Beijing to prove that its state-heavy economic model has met all the criteria for MES. 在美國(guó)工業(yè)界的歡呼下，奧巴馬政府正在倡導(dǎo)不作為的政策，那將迫使中國(guó)在世貿(mào)組織發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)，從而使北京方面承擔(dān)舉證責(zé)任，要證明政府干預(yù)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式滿(mǎn)足了市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。