高中生如何學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)
一會(huì)兒想學(xué)英語(yǔ),一會(huì)兒想學(xué)日語(yǔ),這樣朝三暮四,很可能一門(mén)都學(xué)不好。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法,供大家參閱!
高中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法:學(xué)習(xí)效率
These three simple ideas will help you be more organized, save you time and help you get smarter and richer because you'll have more time to study.
這里有幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單可行的主意讓你的生活更有規(guī)劃,幫你節(jié)省時(shí)間,讓你變得更聰明、更富有,因?yàn)槟銜?huì)有更多的時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。
1. Make Lists
1. 制定計(jì)劃
Lists are great for just about everything: groceries, errands, homework assignments. Free up some brain space by putting everything you need to get done on a list. Better yet, buy a small notebook and keep a running, dated list. Everything you need to remember goes in the book. When we try to remember everything with brainpower alone, especially the older we get, the less gray matter we seem to have left for the really important things, like studying.
計(jì)劃對(duì)任何事情都很有用:去雜貨店、辦事情、做作業(yè)。大腦中騰出一塊兒,列一張表寫(xiě)上自己要完成的事。買(mǎi)一個(gè)筆記本,按日期寫(xiě)計(jì)劃,就更好了。每件你要記住的事都在筆記本里。當(dāng)我們?cè)囍鴥H憑腦力記住所有事,隨著年齡增長(zhǎng),腦內(nèi)的灰質(zhì)遞減,記住的正經(jīng)事就越少,比如學(xué)習(xí)。
If you are a smartphone fan (who isn't?!), you'll find lots of apps to help you stay organized. Find one that fits your style and works the way you prefer to work. Then be sure to use it!
如果你是手機(jī)的死忠(誰(shuí)不是呢?!),你會(huì)找到很多幫助你規(guī)劃自己的應(yīng)用。找一個(gè)適合自己的,以自己喜歡的方式運(yùn)用這個(gè)應(yīng)用。要確保你能夠遵照這個(gè)應(yīng)用的要求。
Make lists, keep them with you, whether on paper or in your phone or on your tablet, and revel in the satisfaction of crossing items off when you’ve completed them. There's extra satisfaction in adding something to your list that you've just completed so you can cross it off!
制定計(jì)劃,無(wú)論計(jì)劃在紙上、手機(jī)里、便簽本上,把計(jì)劃帶在身邊,沉浸在做完一項(xiàng)要求就劃掉一項(xiàng)的快感中。還有一種附加的快感是添上一項(xiàng)你剛完成的任務(wù),然后劃掉它!
2. Run Errands Counter-Clockwise
2. 逆向思維完成任務(wù)
What? You'll see. Now that you have a list of errands to run, organize them in a way that saves the most time. Assuming you’re driving, making right turns eliminates a lot of wasted time waiting for red lights.
什么意思?往下看你就明白?,F(xiàn)在你有一張任務(wù)清單要完成,用最省時(shí)的方式調(diào)整順序。比如你正在開(kāi)車(chē),向右轉(zhuǎn)可以避免很多燈紅燈的時(shí)間。
It also saves time because you’re not waiting to turn left through busy traffic lanes. Right turns in, right turns out, counter-clockwise. Fast and easy. You will cut many minutes off your errands. Promise.
這還省去了向左轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)擁擠交通的時(shí)間。向右轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)車(chē)道,再一直向右轉(zhuǎn)直至回到原路,用逆向思維解決問(wèn)題,簡(jiǎn)單又快捷。我向你保證你可以省去很多時(shí)間。
3. Think of Your Minutes as Money
3. 視時(shí)間為金錢(qián)
Assign a monetary value to your time, and watch how much less of it you're willing to waste on unimportant stuff. You can do this using your current income or make up a completely imaginary number. Either way works.
把時(shí)間視為金錢(qián),看看你愿意在無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事情上花多少錢(qián)。你可以按照你現(xiàn)用的工資水平進(jìn)行換算,或者任意想一個(gè)數(shù)字。兩種方法都適用。
When you’re not sure if an activity is worthwhile, calculate how much it’ll cost you to do it. Watching TV suddenly becomes very expensive, money that could take you closer to graduation and your dream job. The choice is yours. Change the way you manage your time and you'll have more of it to spend in ways that make your future brighter.
如果你不確定這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)是否值得,算一算這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的成本幾何。看電視突然變得很昂貴,金錢(qián)可以讓你離畢業(yè)以及夢(mèng)想的工作更近。選擇權(quán)在你手中。改變你利用時(shí)間的方式你就會(huì)擁有更多的花在讓你的未來(lái)更美好的時(shí)間。
高中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法:美國(guó)人的思維
語(yǔ)言的交流與掌握大量的詞匯、句型、語(yǔ)法是兩回事。就語(yǔ)言本身的知識(shí)來(lái)說(shuō),我們已經(jīng)過(guò)關(guān)了。我們?nèi)鄙俚木褪窃诮涣髦衼?lái)運(yùn)用英語(yǔ),只有在交流中我們才能與對(duì)方進(jìn)行思維密碼的相互破譯。同樣的話在不同的語(yǔ)言交流環(huán)境中所表達(dá)的意思是不一樣的。
建議要把學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)收縮,把追求大而廣的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為追求一種定量性的技巧。有6種技巧,是美國(guó)人和美國(guó)人之間交流的關(guān)鍵性東西,也是看電影、學(xué)英語(yǔ)中重要的六步。如果我們能掌握這6種技巧,就可以更好地理解美國(guó)人的思維,從而學(xué)好口語(yǔ)。
第一,如何用英文簡(jiǎn)單界定一個(gè)東西的技巧。
美國(guó)人和美國(guó)人交談80%是想告訴對(duì)方這個(gè)事物是什么。我們的課本盡管詞匯難度不斷加深,但思維邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)卻只停留在一個(gè)水平上。中國(guó)人常說(shuō)Whereisthebook(這本書(shū)在哪兒)?很少有人說(shuō)What is a book(書(shū)是什么)?而美國(guó)的小學(xué)生就開(kāi)始問(wèn):What is the book?這種Where is the book只是思維的描述階段。但是我想連大學(xué)生也很難回答What is a book?因?yàn)橹袊?guó)傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)模式?jīng)]有教會(huì)學(xué)生表達(dá)思想的技巧。
第二,如果已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)界定,但理解還有偏差,那就要訓(xùn)練 How to explain things in different ways(用不同的方式解釋同一事物)。
一種表達(dá)式對(duì)方不懂,美國(guó)人會(huì)尋找另一種表達(dá)式最終讓對(duì)方明白。因?yàn)槭挛锞鸵粋€(gè),但表達(dá)它的語(yǔ)言符號(hào)可能會(huì)很多。這就要多做替換練習(xí)。傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法也做替換練習(xí),但這種替換不是真替換,只是語(yǔ)言層面的替換,而不是思維層面的替換。比如,I love you(我愛(ài)你)。按我們教學(xué)的替換方法就把you換成her,my mother等,這種替換和小學(xué)生練描紅沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。這種替換沒(méi)有對(duì)智力構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn),沒(méi)有啟動(dòng)思維。這種替換句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)變,我聽(tīng)不懂I love you,肯定也聽(tīng)不懂I loveher。如果替換為I want to kiss you,I want to hug you,I will show my heart to you等,或者給對(duì)方講電影《泰坦尼克》,告訴對(duì)方那就是愛(ài),這樣一來(lái)對(duì)方可能就明白了。這才叫真正的替換。也就是說(shuō)用一種不同的方式表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思,或者一個(gè)表達(dá)式對(duì)方聽(tīng)不清楚,舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單易懂的例子來(lái)表達(dá),直到對(duì)方明白。
第三,我們必須學(xué)會(huì)美國(guó)人怎樣描述東西。
從描述上來(lái)講,由于中美的文化不同會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的差異。我們描述東西無(wú)外乎把它放在時(shí)間和空間兩個(gè)坐標(biāo)上去描述。美國(guó)人對(duì)空間的描述總是由內(nèi)及外,由里及表。而中國(guó)人正好相反。從時(shí)間上來(lái)說(shuō),中國(guó)人是按自然的時(shí)間順序來(lái)描述。我們描述一個(gè)東西突然停住時(shí),往往最后說(shuō)的那個(gè)地方是最重要的。美國(guó)人在時(shí)間的描述上先把最重要的東西說(shuō)出來(lái),然后再說(shuō)陪襯的東西。只有發(fā)生悲劇性的事件,美國(guó)人才在前面加上鋪墊。這就是中國(guó)人和美國(guó)人在時(shí)間描述上的巨大差別。
第四,要學(xué)會(huì)使用重要的美國(guó)習(xí)語(yǔ)。
不容易學(xué)、易造成理解困惑的東西就是“習(xí)語(yǔ)”。比如北京人說(shuō)蓋了帽兒了,外國(guó)人很難理解,這就是習(xí)語(yǔ)。所以和美國(guó)人交流時(shí),能適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用美國(guó)習(xí)語(yǔ),他馬上就會(huì)覺(jué)得很親切,也很愛(ài)和你交流。那么什么是習(xí)語(yǔ)?就是每個(gè)單詞你都認(rèn)識(shí),但把它們組合在一起,你就不知道是什么意思了。
第五,學(xué)會(huì)兩種語(yǔ)言的傳譯能力。
這是衡量口語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)最重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)不是我們的母語(yǔ),我們天生就有自己的母語(yǔ)。很多人都認(rèn)為學(xué)好外語(yǔ)必須丟掉自己的母語(yǔ),這是不對(duì)的。
第六,要有猜測(cè)能力。
為什么美國(guó)人和美國(guó)人、中國(guó)人和中國(guó)人之間交流很少產(chǎn)生歧義?就是因?yàn)樗麄冎g能“猜測(cè)”。我們的教學(xué)不提倡“猜測(cè)”。但我覺(jué)得猜測(cè)對(duì)學(xué)好美國(guó)口語(yǔ)很重要。在交流中,有一個(gè)詞你沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂,你不可能馬上去查字典,這時(shí)候就需要猜測(cè)來(lái)架起一座橋梁來(lái)彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺口,否則交流就會(huì)中斷。
再說(shuō)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音的問(wèn)題。我們中國(guó)人不需要鉆牛角尖,一定追求發(fā)音像一個(gè)本地人,只要我們的發(fā)音不至于讓對(duì)方產(chǎn)生誤解就可以了。我們?cè)谄綍r(shí),不需要迷信什么科學(xué)方法,只需要記住一點(diǎn):模仿。但一定要模仿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)或美語(yǔ)。在模仿的基礎(chǔ)上,每天保持1個(gè)小時(shí)的自我口語(yǔ)練習(xí),這個(gè)練習(xí)必須假想一個(gè)雙向交流的場(chǎng)合,即仿佛有人與你交流一樣。
最后,講講英語(yǔ)的用氣問(wèn)題。我們?cè)诎l(fā)音時(shí),盡量氣運(yùn)丹田,而避免用肺發(fā)音,這可以使英語(yǔ)發(fā)音洪亮圓潤(rùn)。
高中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的方法:事半功倍
“Be sure to study hard for that test!”
“要為考試努力學(xué)習(xí)!”
How many times have you heard that? But what does it even mean to study hard? Do you have to study until your head hurts? It sounds like it!
聽(tīng)過(guò)這句話無(wú)數(shù)次了?但是到底什么才是努力學(xué)習(xí)?要學(xué)到頭疼?聽(tīng)起來(lái)是的!
The whole idea of studying harder suggests that you really don’t try very hard as a normal practice, and that is probably not true. So instead of studying harder for better results, you can study smarter, and there is good news: it won’t give you a headache.
努力學(xué)習(xí)意味著你平常并不把努力當(dāng)做一回事兒,但事實(shí)可能并非如此。因此,除了為得到高分而努力學(xué)習(xí),你可以聰明地學(xué),好消息是:聰明地學(xué)可不會(huì)頭疼。
How to Study Smarter
怎樣聰明地學(xué)
There are a few adjustments you can make to your normal study routine to make the most of your time and effort. These adjustments are based on a few scientific discoveries about learning.
在你日常的學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)劃中做出適當(dāng)調(diào)整可以充分利用時(shí)間和努力。這些調(diào)整基于有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)的科學(xué)調(diào)查。
We learn over time with repetition.
我們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要復(fù)習(xí)。
We learn from active experience.
我們要在積極體驗(yàn)中學(xué)。
We learn through comparison.
我們要通過(guò)對(duì)比來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。
We learn by testing ourselves.
我們要通過(guò)測(cè)試來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。
Time and Repetition
學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間和復(fù)習(xí)
Some studies on brain science have shown that the practice of revisiting information enhances learning. In other words, it is a good idea to study material more than one time, over a period of days.
有關(guān)腦部的研究表明復(fù)習(xí)有助于強(qiáng)化所學(xué)內(nèi)容。換言之,學(xué)習(xí)最好不止一遍,要隔幾天復(fù)習(xí)一次。
To study smarter, then, you should start your study session a few days ahead of time and study a few hours, walk away from the material, and study the same material again a few days later.
要聰明地學(xué),就要在計(jì)劃前幾天開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)幾個(gè)小時(shí),放下學(xué)習(xí)材料,幾天后再看一次。
Learn Through Experience
通過(guò)體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)
There are indications that our brains love to make associations or “connections” when we read or observe something new. It seems that the more we enhance the experience as we read, the more we may retain.
研究表明大腦在我們閱讀或觀察新事物時(shí)喜歡建立聯(lián)系。這表明,閱讀時(shí)我們強(qiáng)化的體驗(yàn)越多,我們能記下的就越多。
As you study, you should incorporate active study strategies like drawing images, writing outlines, and repeating what you’ve learned from memory.
學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),你應(yīng)該運(yùn)用積極的學(xué)習(xí)策略,如畫(huà)畫(huà)、寫(xiě)大綱、回憶所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。
(FYI: highlighting is not an active study strategy!)
(僅供參考:用記號(hào)筆可不是積極的學(xué)習(xí)策略!)
It is also a good idea to study in a variety of places and environments to stimulate more associations. For example, you could study once in a quiet library and again in a very different environment, like a park or your own room.
在不同的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)也是一個(gè)創(chuàng)造更多聯(lián)系的好建議。例如,你可以在安靜的圖書(shū)館中學(xué)一次,然后在一個(gè)完全不同的環(huán)境中復(fù)習(xí),比如在公園或者是自己的臥室。
Comparing As We Study
通過(guò)對(duì)比來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)
We understand new things by comparing them to things we already know.
我們理解新事物時(shí)通過(guò)與我們熟知的事物進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
To demonstrate this, try to describe a lime to someone who has never encountered one. Your depiction might go something like this:
要解釋這一點(diǎn),類(lèi)似于試著向一個(gè)從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)青檸的人描述青檸。你的描述可能像這樣:
“It’s like a lemon, but it’s green. It tastes and smells like a mix between a lemon and a tomato vine.”
“它像檸檬,但是是綠色的。嘗起來(lái)、聞起來(lái)像檸檬與番茄混合的味道。”
That person would most likely be able to identify a lime easily, because he or she will be able to consult stored knowledge to conjure new information.
對(duì)方很可能可以輕易勾畫(huà)出青檸的形象,因?yàn)樗?她)可以調(diào)用自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備形成新信息。
Any time you study new material, your brain consults stored knowledge to make sense of the new things you’re encountering. For example, if you live in the United States and you are required to learn about communism, you will most likely learn by comparing that system to a system you already know, like capitalism.
每次你學(xué)習(xí)新材料,大腦就會(huì)調(diào)用已有的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備來(lái)理解你碰上的新事物。比如,你住在美國(guó),被要求學(xué)共產(chǎn)主義,你會(huì)把這個(gè)系統(tǒng)和你已知的系統(tǒng),如資本主義作對(duì)比。
When you study terms to prepare for a test, you should always select two terms at the same time and describe the differences between them.
當(dāng)你為了考試而學(xué)習(xí)術(shù)語(yǔ),你應(yīng)該選同時(shí)選兩個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ),并描述這二者的區(qū)別。
Learning By Testing
通過(guò)測(cè)試來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)
Recent studies tell us that learning is enhanced through trial and error. When it comes to studying effectively, it turns out that testing is one of the best ways to prepare for testing!
最近的研究表明學(xué)習(xí)通過(guò)嘗試與犯錯(cuò)來(lái)以鞏固。要高效地學(xué)習(xí),自我檢測(cè)是備考的最佳途徑!
There is good evidence that the very best way for you to learn is to take a series of practice tests. This means that the process of trying to answer questions, getting questions wrong, discovering why you were wrong, and correcting yourself—is the smartest study strategy of all.
一個(gè)有力的證明表示學(xué)習(xí)的最佳方法就是多次測(cè)驗(yàn)。這是一個(gè)試著答題、回答錯(cuò)誤、分析錯(cuò)誤、改正自我的過(guò)程,這是所有學(xué)習(xí)策略中最有效的。
Of course, if you want to do this right, you should have someone else prepare a few practice tests for you. This can be easy: just find a partner (or a group) and write questions for each other.
當(dāng)然,如果你要正確地利用這個(gè)策略,還需要?jiǎng)e人給你出題。這很簡(jiǎn)單:只要找一個(gè)學(xué)伴兒(或是學(xué)習(xí)小組),幾個(gè)人互相出題。
In summary, the science says this: if you want to study harder and smarter, you should start early, find a study partner, get active, and test yourself.
總之,最科學(xué)的方法就是:如果你要事半功倍地學(xué)習(xí),就要早開(kāi)始,找同伴,積極行動(dòng),檢測(cè)自我。
以上是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理所得,歡迎大家閱讀和收藏。