優(yōu)美的英語(yǔ)文摘
午休的學(xué)問(wèn)
The Science Of The Siesta
午休的學(xué)問(wèn)
When you go back to work or class after lunch, why is it so hard to stay awake?
當(dāng)我們用完午餐回去工作或上課時(shí)，為什么很難保持清醒呢?
Although we get energy from food, we also use lots of energy to digest it. Your energy use increases 25-50% as you digest a meal. With all that action going on in the digestive system, the body sends extra blood to the gut to supply oxygen and other necessities.
盡管我們從食物中獲取能量，但也需要耗費(fèi)許多能量來(lái)消化這些食物。消化一餐就會(huì)增加百分之二十五至五十的能量消耗。有了消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的一系列活動(dòng)，身體才能源源不斷地將額外的血液輸送到消化道以提供充足的氧氣和其它必需物。
How does the body know when to do this?
身體如何知道何時(shí)這樣做?
As food enters the stomach, the intestines secrete substances that dilate, or expand, the blood vessels that supply them with blood. As a result, more blood flows to the upper digestive tract, and there’s a bit less to go around to the rest of the body. That might make your arms and legs and brain feel a little sluggish!
當(dāng)食物進(jìn)入胃，腸道便分泌許多物質(zhì)，它們使得為腸道供血的血管膨脹或擴(kuò)張。結(jié)果便是更多的血液流向上消化道，而循環(huán)于身體其它部分的血液則相應(yīng)減少，這時(shí)你可能感覺(jué)渾身懶洋洋的，連大腦也變得遲鈍起來(lái)。
At the same time, the small intestine releases a hormone that activates the part of the brain that controls sleep, making you drowsy. Finally, the natural components in foods can also contribute to the snooze effect. Certain foods, especially carbohydrates, increase production of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin works both to stop sugar craving, and to make you very relaxed. The larger the meal, the more pronounced that feeling can be. With all of these physiological reasons why we might feel sleepy after eating, a siesta after lunch sounds like a brilliant idea, and maybe after dinner and breakfast too!
同時(shí)，小腸釋放出一種荷爾蒙，它可以激活控制睡眠的大腦區(qū)域，讓你昏昏欲睡。最后，食物中的天然成分也會(huì)讓你打盹。某些食物，特別是碳水化合物，會(huì)增加大腦中血清素的生成。血清素既可以抑制吃甜食的欲望，又可讓你倍感放松。吃得越多，這種感覺(jué)就越明顯。鑒于諸多生理原因?qū)е挛覀儾秃蠡杌栌?，也許午餐抑或早晚餐后小憩一會(huì)兒是個(gè)明智的選擇。
冰箱是怎樣工作的?
How Do Iceboxes Work?
冰箱是怎樣工作的?
Back when most folks relied on an icebox to cool food, a block of ice was a precious commodity. If you put hot food in the icebox, the ice might melt. And by the time the ice truck came through the neighborhood again, all your food may have spoiled. To preserve the ice as long as possible, people made sure to cool hot foods before putting them in the icebox.
以前，當(dāng)大多數(shù)人們需要倚賴冰盒來(lái)冷卻食物的時(shí)候，一塊冰塊就是一件珍貴的商品。如果你把熱氣騰騰的食物放入冰盒，冰 塊會(huì)融化。等到運(yùn)送冰塊的卡車(chē)再次穿過(guò)街區(qū)的時(shí)候，你所有需要冷藏的食物也許都已經(jīng)腐壞了。為了讓冰塊保存得盡可能長(zhǎng)久，人們?cè)诖_保食物冷卻之后再將其放 入冰盒。
All About Iceboxes
有關(guān)冰箱的一切
These days, before putting hot food in the fridge, many people cool it on the kitchen counter, just as generations before did in the icebox days. But now there’s no precious block of ice to preserve, and refrigerators are designed to handle food hot off the stove or out of the oven.
如今，在把熱氣騰騰的食物放入冰箱之前，許多人會(huì)先把它放在廚房臺(tái)面上冷卻，跟上幾代人在冰盒年代的做法一致。但如今我們不再使用珍稀的冰塊來(lái)冷藏食物，而冰箱的功能本身就能應(yīng)付剛從烤爐或烤箱下架的燙手食物。
Hot food may make the refrigerator’s motor run a little longer to bring the temperature back down, but that doesn’t overwork the motor. And chilling food as soon as possible can help prevent food poisoning. Here’s why.
燙手的食物會(huì)讓冰箱壓縮機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得稍久一點(diǎn)才能把食物溫度降下來(lái)，但那樣也不至于造成壓縮機(jī)超負(fù)荷工作。而且盡快冷卻食物有助于防止食物中毒。來(lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)以下解釋。
Chilling
冷卻食物
Warm food is the perfect environment for bacteria to multiply. Chill the food, though, and the party’s over, because cooler temperatures slow or stop bacterial growth. Our bodies normally handle small doses of bacteria in food, but what can give you food poisoning is large numbers of harmful bacteria. The sooner you chill food, the sooner any harmful bacteria that may be in it will stop multiplying. With a refrigerator, you can chill hot foods right away. But the principle’s the same as in the icebox days-the longer food stays cold, the less chance it has to spoil.
有 一定熱度的食物是細(xì)菌繁殖的最佳圣地。讓我們把食物冷卻，那樣，細(xì)菌分裂活動(dòng)就會(huì)停止。因?yàn)檩^低的溫度會(huì)減慢或阻止細(xì)菌的成長(zhǎng)。我們的身體通常能應(yīng)付食物 中的少量細(xì)菌，但是有害細(xì)菌的大量存在會(huì)讓您食物中毒。越早冷卻食物，其中可能包含的有害細(xì)菌就能越快停止繁殖。有冰箱在身邊，您可以迅速冷卻燙手的食 物。不過(guò)在冰盒年代，這個(gè)道理同樣適用。食物冷藏的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，它發(fā)生腐壞的可能就越小。
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