主謂一致的用法精講

時(shí)間：2015-10-13 11:10:07 楚欣650由分享

　　以下是小編為大家整理的主謂一致的用法，希望能幫助大家更好的運(yùn)用主謂一致這個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　主謂一致通常遵循三條原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和鄰近一致

　　1、語(yǔ)法一致原則，即按主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式(單復(fù)數(shù))確定謂語(yǔ)的形式。單三主語(yǔ)，對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)講，在學(xué)習(xí)和使用英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，主謂一致的難點(diǎn)是如何正確識(shí)別主語(yǔ)的單三，單三作主語(yǔ)范圍廣，有些情況還比較復(fù)雜，因此在人稱和數(shù)的考察中，單三作主語(yǔ)要求主謂一致就成了命題的重點(diǎn)。主語(yǔ)為單三的情況歸納為：。

　?、女?dāng)單數(shù)名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)被修飾詞或短語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)分開(kāi)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式(即單三名詞出現(xiàn)在句首，后面緊跟with…，together with…，along with…，accompanied by，like…，except…，but…，no less than…，等短語(yǔ))

　　eg. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight.

　　Mary, accompanied by her brother, was warmly welcomed by the audience.

　?、坪琫very，no，some，any的復(fù)合代詞，如：everyone，nobody，something，anything等后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)。

　　eg. Everybody has expressed his/their determination.

　?、?every，each，no，any，another，many a，more than one)+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)為單數(shù)。

　　eg. Many a student is……

　　No problem is harder to solve than this one.

　　⑷代詞either，neither，one作主語(yǔ)，總是單三。

　　eg. If either of you takes a vacation now, we’ll not be able to finish the work.

　　⑸由動(dòng)名詞、不定式及其短語(yǔ)，名詞性從句和其它短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)形式。

　　eg. Writing many letters makes her happy.

　　What interests them most is better pay and working conditions.

　　Early to bed and early to rise is a proverb.

　?、蕀uch，little，a little，only a little，quite a little，much more，a great deal of，an amount of，a quantity of 等詞語(yǔ)只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，全是單三;而a lot of ，lots of，plenty of 等詞語(yǔ)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，應(yīng)列入單三。

　?、擞蒩nd或是both…and 連接的兩個(gè)(或以上)的成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　eg. Spring and autumn are lovely seasons in the year.

　　*有的主語(yǔ)雖有and 連接，但僅指一件事或一個(gè)人，and后面的那個(gè)名詞前，沒(méi)有冠詞，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。

　　eg. The bread and butter is served for breakfast.

　　My best friend and adviser has changed his mind again.

　　*用and連接的單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前面有each，every，many a，no等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　eg. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.

　　No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.

　　2、意義一致原則，即按意義而不按形式來(lái)確定主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

　?、疟硎緯r(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等數(shù)目、計(jì)量的名詞詞組作整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　eg. Five pounds does not buy as much as it used to.

　　⑵集體/合名詞，如congress，family，group，class，committee，organization，team，army，club，crowd，government，public，staff，audience，crew等，用作單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，需視具體情況而定，黨只得是整體而不側(cè)重個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　eg. The whole family is going to move to another city.

　　Our team is sure to win the game.

　　⑶以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)意義的名詞，以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：news，politics，physics，otics，mumps(腮腺炎)，measles(麻疹)，the United States等。

　　eg. The New York Times is being published here.

　　以上均為形式上是復(fù)數(shù)而意義上為單數(shù)。

　?、扔行┟~形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)總用復(fù)數(shù)。如：people，crew，folk，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等。

　　eg. Our poultry are kept in the garden.

　　The crew abandoned the ship after a hard struggle.

　　3、鄰近一致原則：即要求動(dòng)詞與最近的并列成分保持的一致。

　?、庞貌⒘羞B詞or，either…or，neither…nor…，not only…but also…連接的兩個(gè)名/代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)要與鄰近它的主語(yǔ)一致。

　　eg. Not only you but also I am to blame.

　　Neither the students nor the teacher is going to the class today.

　　He or you have taken my pen by mistake.

　　而as well as連接的兩部分詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，情況正相反。

　　eg. He, as well as I, ___a football fan. is/ am/ are/ were

　?、埔詀ll，most，more，any，none，half，the rest，the remainder等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，多用作復(fù)數(shù)，但也可用作單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式既可采用意義一致原則，也可采用鄰近一致原則。All(most,some,any)0f…作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決與of后面的名詞。

　　eg. All of the fruit looks ripe.

　　All of the cherries are red.

　　Some of the mike is spilt.

　　Some have finished eating.

　　All is here.

　　All are present.

　　None of these materials are conductor. are/ is/ has/ was

　　None of them is a good singer. are/ is/ were/ was

　　⑶百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)+of…短語(yǔ)，或some of…，all of…, most of…，half of…，the rest(of…)，a proportion of…等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵在于of后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，或根據(jù)上下文判定它們所指代的名詞是單復(fù)數(shù)。

　　eg. More than 70 percent of the surface is covered with water.

　　More than 70 percent of the students live on campus.

　　Some of the machinery needs to be repaired.

　　Some of the machines need to be repaired.

　　4、量詞后的謂語(yǔ)，見(jiàn)下表：

　　a great deal of

　　+N不可數(shù) → +V單

　　a large amount of

　　N不可數(shù)→ +V 單

　　a large quantity of +

　　N復(fù)+ V復(fù)

　　a number of +N復(fù)→+V復(fù)