before的用法總結(jié)(3)
before的用法總結(jié)
When he receives the letter, he’ll tell us.
他要是收到信就會告訴我們的。
I’ll do that when necessary.
有必要我就會那樣做。
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
如果你不寬恕別人,你自己怎能希望得到別人的寬恕呢?
?、芤龑?dǎo)并列分句總是置于另一分句之后,不可前置,相當(dāng)于and just at the time。如:
I was just about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me.
我正要去游泳,這時我們的導(dǎo)游看見我并對著我喊叫。
We were watching TV, when suddenly the light went out.
我們正在看電視,燈突然熄了。
by 與 before
當(dāng)英譯終止時間時,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所寫日期時,就用介詞 by;如果不包括所寫日期,即指到所寫日期的前一天為止,就要用介詞 before。
例如:賣方須在 7 月 15 日前將貨交給買方。 The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by July 15.(or: before July 16,說明含 7 月 15 日在內(nèi)。如果不含 7 月 15 日,就譯為 by July 14 或者 before July 15。
1.ago只能用于過去時,放在表示“時間段”的詞語之后,表示從現(xiàn)在算起的一段時間之前,如:
His father died five years ago.
(他的父親5年前去世了。)
2.before后接“時間點(diǎn)”,可用于任何時態(tài),如:
She got to his office before 5 o’clock.
(她5點(diǎn)鐘以前就到了辦公室。)
We hope to get home before six o’clock .
(我們希望6點(diǎn)鐘前回到家。)
注意:
(1)before單獨(dú)使用,常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用,也可與一般過去時連用,如:
I have never met him before.
(我以前從未見過他。)
I never met him before.
(我從未見過他。)
(2)before也可放在表“時間段”的詞語后,與過去完成時連用,表示從過去某時刻算起的若干時間以前,如:
在歷年的高考中,狀語從句是單項(xiàng)填空部分的熱點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)。同時,由于狀語從句的種類繁多,因此也是高中英語教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。縱觀近幾年的全國高考試題,考查的重點(diǎn)仍是考生容易混淆的近似連詞的用法,試題結(jié)構(gòu)趨向復(fù)雜,設(shè)問的角度也趨向多樣化。
1、做狀語從句題目時一定要思維清晰。關(guān)鍵是要把握分句間的邏輯關(guān)系,做出正確的選擇。
2、要具備相應(yīng)的狀語從句的知識,熟悉連接詞的意義和語用特征。如as, since, when, before, while 等不易掌握的詞。
對于狀語從句考點(diǎn)來說,辨析從句的連接詞是考查得最多的知識點(diǎn)。作好這類題目的關(guān)鍵是要熟練掌握各個連接詞或短語的具體含義,尤其是同一個詞用于不同語境,不同類型狀語從句中的具體意義。
考點(diǎn)1:when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
【例題1】(05-上海-34)He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
A.where B.when C.that D.until
【例題2】(05-福建-24)---Did Jack come back early last night ?
---Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ______ he arrived home.
A.before B.when C.that D.until
【例題3】(06-湖南-31)I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ______ I heard the steps.
A.while B.when C.since D.after
【例題4】(06-山東-31)How can you expect to learn anything ______ you never listen ?
A.in case B.even if C.unless D.when
【例題5】(06-遼寧-24)He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A.why B.where
C.when D.while
【例題1】(05-上海-34)考查特殊意思 此處when=since; considering that 既然;考慮到。句意:考慮到這是移種小樹的最好時機(jī), 他把那棵小樹移植到了花園。
【例題2】(05-福建-24)考查基本意思 句意:當(dāng)他到家時還不到八點(diǎn)。注意下面幾句話:
It is five years since he left school. 他畢業(yè)5年了。
It was five years ago that he left school. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 5年前他畢業(yè)了。
It was five o'clock when he left home. 當(dāng)他離開家時是5點(diǎn)鐘。
It was five years before he left school. 5年后他才畢業(yè)。
同學(xué)們在做題時要注意不同的連接詞在類似結(jié)構(gòu)中,句意完全不同。
【例題3】(06-湖南-31)句意:我剛走出浴室, 正忙著用毛巾擦身體, 就在這時我聽到了腳步聲。when此時用作并列連詞,意思是“正在此時、正在那時”。
【例題4】(06-山東-31)考查特殊意思 句意:既然你從來不聽,又怎能指望學(xué)到東西呢?when: conj. considering that 既然,考慮到。再比如:Why do you want a new job ______ you've got such a good one already? A 選項(xiàng) in case (萬一、以防);B選項(xiàng)even if(即使);C選項(xiàng)unless(除非,如果不),不符合本題要求。
【例題5】(06-遼寧-24)題干的意思是“飯剛剛吃到一半的時候,______他聽到一個熟悉的聲音。when此時用作并列連詞,意為just at that time,when此意義常見句式:be about to do …when…/be on the point of doing…when…(正要做某事就在這時)/ be doing…when …(正在做某事就在這時)
考點(diǎn)小結(jié)---when 的用法
1、當(dāng)……時候參看【例題2】解析
2、since; considering that 既然;考慮到,參見【例題1】&【例題4】
3、并列連詞,意為at that time, 參看【例題3】&【例題5】解析
4、句型:when it comes to …要是提到,要是提及…eg. When it comes to tennis, I know nothing about it.
考點(diǎn)2:while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
【例題1】(06-全國I-13)We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact, there were 40.
A.while B.whether C.what D.which
【例題2】(06-天津-2)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A.since B.when C.as D.while