循序漸進(jìn)攻克雅思閱讀的詞和句

　　IELTS閱讀是考試一大難點，很多考生在閱讀上失手。其主要存在以下幾個難點：單詞、句子閱讀、閱讀速度和考生主觀臆斷。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼难驖u進(jìn)攻克雅思閱讀的詞和句，希望能幫到大家!

　　循序漸進(jìn)攻克雅思閱讀的詞和句

　　單詞準(zhǔn)備單詞卡片，循環(huán)背誦

　　一般IELTS閱讀中涉及詞匯量比較大，但考生具備4000左右即可應(yīng)考。單詞貧乏的考生，一定要及時補充詞匯，打下扎實的基礎(chǔ)。在應(yīng)試時很容易遺忘或混淆單詞的意義，為了避免類似情況發(fā)生，一定要加強單詞意義的理解。對此，考生可以制作單詞卡片，正反面各寫英文和中文解釋。制訂計劃每天背一定量的生詞，循環(huán)背誦并不斷補充。當(dāng)然，最有效的是閱讀文章時記憶單詞。

　　句子參考上下文，分析主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

　　在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的錯誤就是根據(jù)自己已有經(jīng)驗片面理解。IELTS閱讀中有的題目考的是對于文章中某一句子的理解，要參考上下文客觀地看問題?？忌鷳?yīng)對一些復(fù)合句，尤其是雙重否定句、比較句、指代句等有較深了解。特別在遇到復(fù)雜句時，應(yīng)靜心思考，從把握句子主干一一主謂結(jié)構(gòu)著手來分析解剖句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　閱讀掃描全文，做出標(biāo)記

　　雅思閱讀追求速度(speed)與準(zhǔn)確度(accuracy)的完美結(jié)合。快而不準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)而太慢都會影響考分?？忌谇趭^練習(xí)的時候掌握一些閱讀技巧將達(dá)到事半功倍的效果?？焖匍喿x最關(guān)鍵的是在掃描全文的時候把握每段的主旨，并做出標(biāo)記，在看完全文后對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)主題有大致的了解。此外，考生以單詞為單位看文章，遇生詞就停頓等壞習(xí)慣都要極力避免。

　　總之，考生平時多看、多讀、多聽、多說、多寫，多接觸英文(much exposure to English)再運用一些閱讀技巧，拿下雅思閱讀并非一件難事。

　　雅思閱讀題型精煉與答案解析——選擇(Multiple Choice)

　　Academic Reading sample task – Multiple Choice

　　[Note: This is an extract from an Academic Reading passage on the subject of government subsidies to farmers. The text preceding this extract explained how subsidies can lead to activities which cause uneconomical and irreversible changes to the environment.]

　　All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts. For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertilisers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil's productivity. The country subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America.

　　Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense: about 0 billion, or more than all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer's easiest option is to use more of the most readily available inputs: fertilisers and pesticides. Fertiliser use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960-1985 and increased in The Netherlands by 150 per cent. The quantity of pesticides applied has risen too: by 69 per cent in 1975-1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 per cent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981.

　　In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies. The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984. A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes). The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion. Farms began to diversify. The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy to manage soil erosion.

　　In less enlightened countries, and in the European Union, the trend has been to reduce rather than eliminate subsidies, and to introduce new payments to encourage farmers to treat their land in environmentally friendlier ways, or to leave it fallow. It may sound strange but such payments need to be higher than the existing incentives for farmers to grow food crops. Farmers, however, dislike being paid to do nothing. In several countries they have become interested in the possibility of using fuel produced from crop residues either as a replacement for petrol (as ethanol) or as fuel for power stations (as biomass). Such fuels produce far less carbon dioxide than coal or oil, and absorb carbon dioxide as they grow. They are therefore less likely to contribute to the greenhouse effect. But they are rarely competitive with fossil fuels unless subsidised - and growing them does no less environmental harm than other crops.

　　Questions 10 – 12

　　Choose the appropriate letters A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answers in boxes 10-12 on your answer sheet.

　　10 Research completed in 1982 found that in the United States soil erosion

　　A reduced the productivity of farmland by 20 per cent.

　　B was almost as severe as in India and China.

　　C was causing significant damage to 20 per cent of farmland.

　　D could be reduced by converting cultivated land to meadow or forest.

　　11 By the mid-1980s, farmers in Denmark

　　A used 50 per cent less fertiliser than Dutch farmers.

　　B used twice as much fertiliser as they had in 1960.

　　C applied fertiliser much more frequently than in 1960.

　　D more than doubled the amount of pesticide they used in just 3 years.

　　12 Which one of the following increased in New Zealand after 1984?

　　A farm incomes

　　B use of fertiliser

　　C over-stocking

　　D farm diversification

　　Answers:

　　10 C

　　11 B

　　12 D