雅思閱讀中隱性考點(diǎn)與零考點(diǎn)原則
若題目為原文某句話的改寫(xiě),即題目與原文有明顯對(duì)應(yīng)信息,但對(duì)應(yīng)信息較多,那么題目中真正設(shè)置的考點(diǎn)則要通過(guò)題目和原文的對(duì)比判斷。下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的雅思閱讀中隱性考點(diǎn)與零考點(diǎn)原則,希望能幫到大家!
雅思閱讀中隱性考點(diǎn)與零考點(diǎn)原則
A. 題目與原文意思一致、方向相同的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為隱性考點(diǎn),以后均用 ( ) 表示。
比如說(shuō),原文和題目的主語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都是Australians和in Singapore,兩者當(dāng)然都為隱性考點(diǎn)。
B. 題目與原文意思、方向模糊的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為隱性考點(diǎn),以后均用 ( ) 表示。
模糊的對(duì)應(yīng)信息是指兩個(gè)信息既不明顯矛盾,又不是百分之百相同。如原文的主語(yǔ)為people,題目中的主語(yǔ)為all people,既不明顯矛盾,又不是百分之百相同,則為隱性考點(diǎn)。
C. 題目與原文中任意一方中的缺失信息為零考點(diǎn),以后均用< >表示。
分析:這里的零考點(diǎn)是指原文中有而題目中沒(méi)有或題目中有而原文中沒(méi)有的成分,這樣缺失的成分肯定不是考點(diǎn)。
例:
原文:It was discovered in 1981, and less than 10 years later the platypus frog had completely vanished
題目:(The platypus frog became extinct by 1991
分析:題目判斷platypus frog這種青蛙到1991年已經(jīng)滅絕了,原文中提到1981之后不到十年platypus frog就已經(jīng)從靠近昆士蘭陽(yáng)光海岸的Booloumaba Creek這個(gè)地方完全消失了。從這兩句話的對(duì)比中顯然可以看出題目判斷比原文信息少了一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的限定。很多的考生在這道題目上堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為是NOT GIVEN,他們的理由是題目說(shuō)platypus frog滅絕了,但是沒(méi)有說(shuō)是在哪里滅絕的,有可能在昆士蘭附近滅絕的,也有可能在非洲滅絕了,還有可能在別的地方滅絕了,反正題目沒(méi)給出,這種錯(cuò)誤的理解思路是很多中國(guó)學(xué)生都有的?,F(xiàn)在來(lái)看這個(gè)題目從雅思命題的思路上應(yīng)該怎么理解,題目:“The platypus frog became extinct by 1991.” 只有3個(gè)成分,主語(yǔ)the platypus frog、謂語(yǔ)became extinct、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by 1991,也就是說(shuō)題目設(shè)置中可以考查的考點(diǎn)只可能是這3個(gè)中的其中1個(gè)。題目中的主語(yǔ)the platypus frog和原文明顯相等,所以不可能是考點(diǎn)。題目中的謂語(yǔ)became extinct對(duì)應(yīng)文中的completely vanished,也不可能是考點(diǎn)。文中說(shuō)從1981年往后不到10年platypus frog就滅絕了,所以題目對(duì)時(shí)間的判斷到了1991年platypus frog就沒(méi)有了當(dāng)然沒(méi)錯(cuò),所以這個(gè)題目答案為TRUE。
從這個(gè)題目中可以看出,原文中有而題目中沒(méi)有的信息是缺失信息,缺失信息不可能是考查的考點(diǎn),所以在做題的過(guò)程中對(duì)于這種缺失信息“零考點(diǎn)”,我們可以完全不考慮,或者理解成在原文和題目的對(duì)比中,所有的零考點(diǎn)都是默認(rèn)相同的。
D. 題目與原文方向相反或不相容的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為顯性考點(diǎn),即真考點(diǎn),以后均用[ ]表示。
結(jié)論:通過(guò)題目中的各成分和文中對(duì)應(yīng)句子對(duì)應(yīng)成分之間的比較,劃出所有的括號(hào)形式,可知:
?、?題目中若沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)真考點(diǎn),而只有零考點(diǎn)或隱性考點(diǎn)(方向相同、方向模糊信息或缺失信息)即只有 ( ) 和< >出現(xiàn),答案通常為TRUE 或YES;(字體可否放大)
?、?題目中只要出現(xiàn)了顯性考點(diǎn),即出現(xiàn)了[ ],答案通常為FALSE 或NO。(字體可否放大)
例1:
原文:Because of heavy rain, students stay in their classroom
題目:(All students) stay [in their dormitory], (owing to heavy rain)
分析:題目中的主語(yǔ)all students和原文中的主語(yǔ)students,既不完全相反,也不明顯相同,意思關(guān)系模糊,所以為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。題目中的原因狀語(yǔ)owing to heavy rain和原文中的原因狀語(yǔ)because of heavy rain意思相同,均為負(fù)向原因,所以為隱性考點(diǎn)。原文中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in the classroom和題目中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in their dormitory明顯屬于地點(diǎn)不相容,為顯性考點(diǎn),用[ ]標(biāo)出,所以根據(jù)顯性考點(diǎn)原則,答案為FALSE。從以上的分析可以看出,這個(gè)題目設(shè)置的真正考點(diǎn)是判斷學(xué)生們待在什么地方。
例2:
原文:Because of heavy rain, students stay in their classroom
題目:(All students) stay [in their dormitory], (owing to bad weather)
分析:題目中的主語(yǔ)all students和原文中的主語(yǔ)students,既不完全相反,也不明顯相同,意思關(guān)系模糊,所以為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。原文中的原因狀語(yǔ)because of heavy rain和題目中的原因狀語(yǔ)owing to bad weather,既不完全相反,也不完全相同,但是均為負(fù)向原因,所以為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。原文中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in the classroom和題目中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in their dormitory明顯屬于地點(diǎn)不相容,為顯性考點(diǎn),用[ ]標(biāo)出,所以根據(jù)顯性考點(diǎn)原則,答案為FALSE。從以上的分析可以看出,這個(gè)題目真正設(shè)置的考點(diǎn)依然是判斷學(xué)生們待在什么地方。
例3:
原文:Because of heavy rain, students stay in their classroom
題目:(All students) stay (in their classroom) (owing to bad weather)
分析:題目中的主語(yǔ)all students和原文中的主語(yǔ)students,既不完全相反,也不明顯相同,意思關(guān)系模糊,所以為隱性考點(diǎn)。題目中的原因狀語(yǔ)owing to bad weather和原文中的原因狀語(yǔ)because of heavy rain,既不完全相反,也不完全相同,但是均為負(fù)向原因,所以為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。原文中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in their classroom和題目中的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in their classroom完全相同,為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。所以根據(jù)顯性考點(diǎn)原則,答案為TRUE。從以上的分析可以看出,這個(gè)題目中所有可能成為考點(diǎn)的成分和原文相應(yīng)的成分都意思相同或方向相同,那么,該句話當(dāng)然和原文信息意思一致。
例4:
原文:Formed in 1903 by the political campaigner Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvis, the WSPU began an educated campaign to put women’s suffrage on the political agenda. New Zealand, Australia and parts of the United States women, and growing numbers of their British counterparts wanted the same opportunity
題目:(In 1903) (women in New Zealand) [were still not allowed to vote]
分析:從題目入手,發(fā)現(xiàn)題目有可能考查3個(gè)考點(diǎn):時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In 1903,主語(yǔ)women in New Zealand,謂語(yǔ)were still not allowed to vote。這3個(gè)可能的考點(diǎn)題目到底考查的是哪一個(gè)呢?我們把它們和原文信息做比較。原文中有New Zealand也有women,所以原文和題目的主語(yǔ)是一致的,肯定為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In 1903原文和題目也一致,為隱性考點(diǎn),用 ( ) 標(biāo)出。再來(lái)看謂語(yǔ),題目是were still not allowed to vote,原文是had already enfranchised women,原文中的enfranchised這個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞明顯是一個(gè)生詞,該如何判斷呢?如我們前面分析過(guò)的,雅思中的是非題考查的是方向性,而不是精確性,所以我們只要能夠得出這兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)判斷的方向就可以了。通過(guò)原文說(shuō):“New Zealand, Australia and parts of the United States had already enfranchised women, and growing numbers of their British counterparts wanted the same opportunity.” 可知had already enfranchised women這個(gè)謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)正向的判斷,因?yàn)槿绻挛魈m對(duì)于婦女選舉權(quán)問(wèn)題的態(tài)度是負(fù)向的話,那么英國(guó)的婦女是不可能也想要相同的機(jī)會(huì)的。而題目中的were still not allowed to vote明顯表明婦女仍然不被允許投票,方向?yàn)樨?fù)。此時(shí),我們可以得出題目設(shè)置的考點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是在謂語(yǔ)上,原文與題目的考點(diǎn)方向相反,答案當(dāng)然為FALSE。而如果你知道enfranchise這個(gè)詞的意思是“給予……選舉權(quán)”的話,就可以猜出題目在設(shè)置的時(shí)候只是將原文中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞enfranchise改成了它的反義形式were still not allowed to vote而已,考點(diǎn)當(dāng)然在謂語(yǔ)上。
雅思閱讀同義詞替換
今天小編為大家整理了雅思閱讀同義詞替換,供大家參考,以下是詳細(xì)內(nèi)容;
1.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
2.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
3.appear=emerge(come into existence)
4.whole=entire(the whole of something)8
5.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)
6.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
7.difficult=formidable
8.change=convert(change into another form)
9.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
10.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)
11.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)
12.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)
13.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
14.use= utilize (the same as use)
15.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)
16.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
17.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
18.scholarship=fellowship
19.angry=enraged(extremely angry)
20.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
21.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)
22.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
23.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)
24.disorder=disarray, chaos
25.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
26.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
27.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
28.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
29.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/
30.sharp=acute(severe and intense)
31.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^
32.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
33.method=avenue(away of getting something done)
34.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
35.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
36.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/
37.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
38.so=consequently, accordingly
39.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often
40.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)