雅思閱讀備考技巧別被那些熟悉的小詞騙了
很多學(xué)生在雅思閱讀準(zhǔn)備過程中只是大量做題,而忽視詞匯量的積累,另外有一部分學(xué)生在詞匯上下了一定的功夫,但是碰到的問題卻是,單詞都認(rèn)識(shí),偏偏就是看不懂意思。因此,在定位到答案所在文章段落某一句的時(shí)候,還是不能理解或是出現(xiàn)誤解而不能解答題目,這個(gè)是相當(dāng)可惜的。下面是小編為您收集整理的別被那些熟悉的小詞騙了,供大家參考!
雅思閱讀備考技巧:別被那些熟悉的小詞騙了
雅思閱讀的準(zhǔn)備過程中,后期會(huì)側(cè)重于對(duì)篇章整體架構(gòu)的把握,以及針對(duì)各類題型應(yīng)試技巧的掌握。但作為考試準(zhǔn)備的前期階段,作為基本功的單詞,無疑需要作為重點(diǎn)來進(jìn)行突破。
以下主要就雅思閱讀劍橋真題部分的一些存在熟詞多義的題目進(jìn)行解析:
1、drive
C4T1P1:
In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests。
這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句,一共出現(xiàn)了三處定語(yǔ)從句,一處ways in which, 一處factors which,一處activities which。
drive的主語(yǔ)為連接代詞which代指的先行詞factors,提取之后變?yōu)閒actors drive the activities, 這里如果將這里作為動(dòng)詞的drive 翻譯成駕駛,句子是完成不通順的,我們從后一處的定語(yǔ)從句中得知,activities指的是破壞雨林的行為,也就是前面的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治因素drive了一些破壞雨林的行為,也就是說,這里的drive是導(dǎo)致,迫使的意思。
C6T1P2
選項(xiàng)型SUMMARY
Q24: Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier。
文章E段 To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers。 Most of the world‘s disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia。 This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship。 Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market。
通過manufacturers of computers定位到E段。閱讀后我們可以知道電腦制造商集中在東南亞制造和進(jìn)口disk drives而不是本國(guó)市場(chǎng)。如果同學(xué)對(duì)電腦知識(shí)比較了解的話,對(duì)于drive在這里的理解應(yīng)該問題不大。根據(jù)一定的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)我們看得出這里的disk drives和disk-drive是名詞用法,可通過drive的基本含義“駕駛”進(jìn)一步引申理解,“駕駛磁盤”過渡為“讓磁盤啟動(dòng)”,正確的理解含義為:磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器。對(duì)應(yīng)到題目提供的選項(xiàng)“B。 components”
2、subject
我們知道它由“科目”的意思,詞匯稍好的同學(xué)還會(huì)知道它還有“主語(yǔ)”和“主題”的含義。我們來看下面一題:
C5T1P2
單選題 Q20 The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether
A。 a 450-volt shock was dangerous。
B。 punishment helps learning。
C。 the pupils were honest。
D。 they were suited to teaching。
文章A段 Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject’ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils‘ ability to learn。
文章這里的‘teacher-subject’打了引號(hào),也就是說即便同學(xué)你不認(rèn)識(shí),把它當(dāng)作一個(gè)特殊詞符號(hào),不理解不影響做題。不過明顯的是,把“科目”“主語(yǔ)”“主題”放這里,都不好理解。在雅思閱讀學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)類的文章中,subject是個(gè)高頻詞匯,作為“實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象”的含義來使用, 有時(shí)會(huì)同義替換為volunteer或participant。
C8T1P3
表格填空Q38 The results were then subjected to a 38……………………。
文章:In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were studied by Honorton in a ‘meta-analysis’, a statistical technique for finding the overall results from a set of studies。
通過冠詞a我們可以知道此空填名詞單數(shù),并且從表格縱軸同行的特殊定位詞in 1987,我們找到了定位句。但是定位句中存在冠詞a的三處,到底三處后的單詞填哪個(gè)呢。單詞不會(huì),語(yǔ)法來湊,通過題目和文章的主干結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性:A be subjected to B和A be studied By B in C, 由于Honorton是人名且不符合填詞規(guī)定,順理成章的‘meta-analysis’成為我們的選填對(duì)象。那subject to到底什么意思呢,通過文章,我們可以知道大概是被研究的意思,查了字典我們就了解,正確含義為“受…支配”。
類似的用法單詞還有:
1、state n。 (美國(guó)的)州,狀態(tài),政府,adj。 國(guó)家的,國(guó)立的 v。陳述,說明
C8T4P1 判斷題Q8 Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools。 State-run adj國(guó)立的
C7T4P1 第5段 There was a huge initial force- five times larger than the steady state force, Gharib says。 State n。狀態(tài)
2、coin n。 硬幣, v。 創(chuàng)造,鑄造
C7T1P1 E段 The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments。 Coin v 創(chuàng)造(first used)
3、spoke v。 speak過去式,n 車輪的輻條(C4T1P3)
4、 tuition n。 學(xué)費(fèi),課程,講授,教學(xué)(C4T1P1)
5、 complaint n。 抱怨,抗議,疾病(C4T2P2)
6、interest v。 是感興趣n。 興趣,利益,利息(C4T3P1)
7、leaves v。 leave的動(dòng)詞三單形式 n。葉子(Pl)(C8T4P3)
8、press v。 按壓,n。 印刷,新聞工作者,新聞(C5T1P3/C5T4P2)
(pressing adj。 迫切的,急切的 C7T1P2)
以上介紹的一些雅思單詞多義詞,很多都是英語(yǔ)(精品課)初學(xué)者都知道的詞匯,偏偏以為很簡(jiǎn)單的詞,但是放到雅思閱讀里,還是難道了許多同學(xué)。英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的多義詞,英語(yǔ)最常用的4000個(gè)高頻詞根基上都是多義詞,平均每個(gè)詞都有兩到三個(gè)意思,因此在學(xué)習(xí)過程當(dāng)中,一定要特意留心一個(gè)單詞的詞性和同詞性的其它含義,通過不同的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境和背景去理解和記憶,從而逐漸消除由于一詞多義而造成的理解障礙,提高解題效率。
雅思閱讀技巧:做單選題必須遵循的兩個(gè)規(guī)則
雅思閱讀中的單選題實(shí)際上是烤鴨們最熟悉的英語(yǔ)題型,但這類題卻讓不少烤鴨黯然神傷。常常找得到,看得懂,做不對(duì)。不但浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間,而且答對(duì)率也不理想。今天為大家分析一道選自劍7P28的單選題Q27,旨在幫助烤鴨們加深對(duì)單選題出題思路的理解。解析之前,大家不妨試一下,題目如下:
The book Educating Psyche is mainly concerned with
Athe power of suggestion in learning.
Ba particular technique for learning based on emotions.
Cthe effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious.
Dways of learning which are not traditional.
對(duì)應(yīng)原文:
Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning, describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning. One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.
不知大家的選擇如何,但筆者的學(xué)生基本上把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)選了個(gè)遍。下面我們按照常規(guī)思路來逐一分析。
讀懂題干不難,問這本書是關(guān)于啥的。由于此題為本文首題,且題干中書名為斜體,定位文章首段沒有任何問題。
選A選項(xiàng)的同學(xué)大有人在,并且給出了理由,原文明確指出了‘focuses on the power of suggestion’。但稍微細(xì)心點(diǎn),回到原文我們發(fā)現(xiàn)‘One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.’這句話中,‘focuses on the power of suggestion’主語(yǔ)which指的是不是book呢,大部分學(xué)員都恍然大悟這句話指的是書中的theory。原文中描述對(duì)象為theory, 而題目問的是book, 描述對(duì)象的截然不同就被小烤鴨們?nèi)A麗麗地忽視了。A項(xiàng)的偷換主語(yǔ),成功地起到了張冠李戴的作用。
B選項(xiàng)‘a particular technique for learning based on emotions’包含了learning 和 emotions,且都為文中的信息,但信息不全,且干擾性遠(yuǎn)沒有C選項(xiàng)大。C選項(xiàng)‘the effects of emotion on the imagination and the unconscious’在很多烤鴨眼中呼應(yīng)了原文中的‘describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning’。但大家可以核對(duì)一下結(jié)構(gòu)effect of A on B, 選項(xiàng)中A 為emotion,B 為imagination and the unconscious,而原文中 A為emotion, imagination and the unconscious,B為learning。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)C對(duì)原文進(jìn)行了偷梁換柱,迷惑了不少呆萌的烤鴨。
而正確答案D項(xiàng)‘ways of learning which are not traditional’貌似與原文聯(lián)系最小,但大家只要抓住題干的主語(yǔ)book, 就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原文‘Educating Psyche by Bernie Neville is a book which looks at radical new approaches to learning’直接給出了答案,只不過運(yùn)用了‘否定+反義詞’這一同義替換手段,即將new替換為not traditional。另外,approaches 替換為ways,也一定程度上增加了難度。
我們回過頭來再看這一題時(shí),有兩點(diǎn)需要反思。其一,我們應(yīng)該把更對(duì)的注意力放在題干的解讀上,搞清楚問題的主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí),就不至于總試圖在原文中多讀些信息,然后再憑感覺來選了。這樣的話,讀到原文中的第二句話‘One theory discussed in the book is that proposed by George Lozanov, which focuses on the power of suggestion.’的前半部分識(shí)別出這句話主語(yǔ)為theory時(shí),就應(yīng)該不要再讀了,因?yàn)榕c題干的提問對(duì)象不符。其二,嚴(yán)格按照原文提供的信息篩選選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)B和C很明顯是對(duì)原文中‘describing the effects of emotion, imagination and the unconscious on learning’的改寫,稍作核對(duì),應(yīng)該可以順利排除。畢竟,干擾選項(xiàng)在文中往往會(huì)有所涉及,要么偷梁換柱,要么信息不全。這時(shí)候,無端的臆想和一時(shí)的大意,都有可能陰溝翻船。
總結(jié)起來,做單選題的基本原則就是‘抓主語(yǔ),文章說’。題干主語(yǔ)提供了描述對(duì)象,明確了方向,而尊重文章給出的信息,就可以避免自己的一時(shí)大意和主觀臆想。
下面為各位烤鴨推薦一道類似題目(C5P27Q36)
The writer suggests that newspapers print items that arc intended to
Aeducate readers.
Bmeet their readers' expectations.
Cencourage feedback from readers.
Dmislead readers.
原文如下:
A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception.