九年級英語語法(5)
九年級英語語法
五、動詞不定式:由to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,有時(shí)to可以省略。在句中
除了不能做謂語外,能夠作其他一切成分。還能擁有自己的賓語和狀語,構(gòu)成不定式短語。
1、動詞不定式的句法功能:
*做主語。常用It + be + 形容詞+ ( of / for sb. ) + to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。
of: good, bad, polite, kind, nice, clever, right, careful等
for: important, necessary, difficult, possible, dangerous等
*做表語。常用在等連系動詞后面,若主語很長而表語很短,可以將兩者顛倒過來。
His job is to sell the computers. He seems to be interested in the detective stories.
*做狀語。表目的:She was here to visit her daughter. 表原因:I’m sorry to trouble you.
表結(jié)果:The box is too heavy to carry. 表示程度:This room is big enough to hold 200 people.
*做定語。放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后,若它與所修飾的名詞有動賓關(guān)系,這個(gè)不定式應(yīng)
為及物的。如:I was the first to come. I have no pens to write with. (動賓關(guān)系)
*做賓語。常見的動詞有:want, agree, choose, try, decide, hope, wish, learn,
fail, would like to do sth.
*做賓語補(bǔ)足語。
1.)必須使用 to的動詞有:ask, tell, order, take, invite, want, wish, follow,
wait for, teach, would like, allow sb. to do sth.
2.)不能使用to的動詞有:have, make, let; see, watch, hear, notice sb. do sth
注意:在主動語態(tài)中,to 要省略;而在被動語態(tài)中,to 必須加上
3.)可以使用to,也可以不用的動詞:help
*疑問詞(除why外) + 動詞不定式 (what, when, how, where, which + to do sth.)
2. 下列一些動詞后面只能跟動名詞(動詞的 –ing 形式)作賓語:
enjoy, finish, mind, excuse, practice, keep, miss, spend, can’t help
be busy, be worth, keep on, carry on
3. 下列一些動詞后面可以跟動詞不定式也可以跟動名詞。
1.)意義相同或相近的有:begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, plan
2.)意思不同的有:forget, remember, stop, see, hear, go on
4. 注意: had better (not) do sth, would rather (not) do sth
5. 動詞不定式的否定形式直接在不定式前面加to
九年級英語語法:主謂一致
一、就近原則:either……or…… neither……nor…… not only…….but also……
There / Here be +并列主語.
二、意義一致原則:
1.集體名詞 ( class, family等 )做主語時(shí),可根據(jù)意義判斷。
His family has moved into a new house. His family were having supper then.
主語是數(shù)目、時(shí)間、金錢、距離時(shí),動詞用單數(shù)。
2.主語+ as well as / with / together with / like / but / except + 動詞單數(shù)。
Everyone except the twins has been to the Great Wall.
Lily with her friends is going to the zoo tomorrow.
3.下列一些不定代詞做主語,動詞用單數(shù)。each, either, neither, something,
anything, somebody, anybody等。
4.The + 形容詞 / 過去分詞 + 動詞復(fù)數(shù) The wounded were looked after well in the hospital.
The weak, like the strong, have many friends in the world.
5. glasses, trousers, shoes, scissors等單獨(dú)做主語時(shí),動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)它們與a pair of
連用時(shí),動詞與pair的數(shù)保持一致。 The pair of glasses fits you well.
九年級英語語法:句子
句 子 (一)
根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
一、簡單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),
又可分為五種:1、 S + V. 主語 + 不及物動詞。 2、S + V + O. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語。
3、S + V + P. 主語 + 連系動詞 + 表語。
4、S + V + IO + DO. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語??梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成:
主語 + 直接賓語 + for 或 to + 間接賓語。
常見的這類動詞有: buy, bring, make , choose, get sth. for sb.
teach, give, pass, hand(傳遞), show, offer, sell, lend, take, send sth to sb.
5、S + V + O + C. 主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語。
二、并列句:常由or, but, and, so for等詞將兩個(gè)簡單句連接,表示轉(zhuǎn)折,遞進(jìn)等關(guān)系。
三、復(fù)合句:包括賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句等。
1、賓語從句 掌握以下內(nèi)容:* 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞; * 掌握賓語從句的語序;
*掌握賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
2、狀語從句
(1)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有:when, while, before, after, until (till), since, as soon as等。
時(shí)間狀語從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
注意下列幾個(gè)詞的區(qū)別:
when: *當(dāng)……的時(shí)候 指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,表示短暫性動作 *指一段時(shí)間,表示持續(xù)性的動作
*什么時(shí)候 引導(dǎo)賓語從句
while:*表示持續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài) *具有對比的含義, 意為 “然而”
as: 表示從句的動作與主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般與延續(xù)性動詞連用. “一邊…一邊…” 隨著..
As we walked, we talked. As time went by, we knew each other better and better.
(2)原因狀語從句 because(因?yàn)?, since(既然), as (由于), for(因?yàn)?
(3)條件狀語從句if(如果) unless(除非)
在條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí).
(4)結(jié)果狀語從句so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that + 句子 such + 名詞 + that…
*such + a (an) + 形容詞+ 名詞= so + 形容詞+ a (an) + 名詞
(5)目的狀語從句so that, in order that, (in order to do sth. so as to do sth)
(6)比較狀語從句as…as… than, not as / so … as…
(7)讓步狀語從句though, although, even though…
3、定語從句: 修飾名詞或代詞的從句, 放在名詞或代詞的后面.
通常: 名詞(人) + who / whom / that + 句子 名詞(物) + which / that + 句子
(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),必須用 which 指物, 不用 that.
I have lost my bag, which I like very much.
(2)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時(shí),從句動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式和先行詞保持一致.
Do you know the man who is standing against the door?
(3)下列幾種情況只能用 that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句:
*先行詞是不定代詞 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等, 如:
All that we have to do is to practise more. There is nothing that I can do for you.
*先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí),如: The first letter that I got from him is kept well.
*先行詞被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾時(shí),如:
I have eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)由when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句
I don’t know the reason why he was late. This is the place where I have lived for five years.
I’ll never forget the day when I met Mr. Li for the first time.
先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),如果從句的動詞是及物的,就用that (which),
如果動詞不及物,就用where引導(dǎo). This is the house that he has lived in for five years.
This is the house where he has lived for five years.
句 子(二)
根據(jù)句子的功能,可以把句子分為四類:陳述句(肯定句和否定句);疑問句(一般疑問句, 特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反意疑問句);祈使句和感嘆句。
一、陳述句:
1、肯定句
2、否定句:
(1) 加 not 構(gòu)成的否定句
(2)由no, hardly, never, nobody, nothing, little, few等構(gòu)成的否定句
兩者的全部否定用neither或nor,部分否定用both + not;
三者或三者以上的全部否定用none, nothing, nobody, no one等,部分否定用all, many,every加not構(gòu)成。
(3)否定前置,常見的動詞有:think, believe, suppose
二、疑問句 1.一般疑問句:用 yes 或 no 回答
2.特殊疑問句:用疑問詞(what, who, whom, whose, which, where, when, how, why 以及它們構(gòu)成的一些短語)提問的句子。
3. 選擇疑問句:一般疑問句 + or + 選擇對象 不能用 yes 或 no 回答
4.反意疑問句: 陳述句 + 簡略的一般疑問句。 陳述句部分和疑問句部分的肯定、否定形式相反。注意以下一些內(nèi)容:
(1)簡略問句的主語和陳述部分保持一致,只能用人稱代詞(there除外),簡略問句的動詞也和陳述部分保持一致,如果是否定,要用縮寫形式。如:
Jin isn’t a student, is he? There are some books in it, aren’t there?
(2)陳述部分是I’m…結(jié)構(gòu),疑問部分一般用aren’t you, 如: I’m late, aren’t I?
(3)陳述部分有l(wèi)ittle, few, no, never, nothing, hardly, nobody等詞表示否定時(shí),疑問部分用肯定。
(4)祈使句的反意疑問句: 祈使句,will you? Let’s…, shall we?
(5)賓語從句的反意疑問句常和主句保持一致,但如果主句是I think / believe / suppose時(shí),
疑問部分的主語應(yīng)和從句保持一致。I don’t think he knows it, does he?
三、祈使句:表示命令、請求或建議??隙ㄐ问接脛釉~原形.
否定形式用 “Don’t / Never + 動詞原形.”
四、感嘆句:常由what 或 how開頭
What + 形容詞 +名詞 + 主語+ 動詞. What a nice house it is! What fine weather!
How + 形容詞 + 主語 + 連系動詞。 How happy they look! How interesting the story is!
How + 副詞 + 主語 + 實(shí)義動詞。 How happy they are laughing!
How + 主語 + 動詞 How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!
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