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小學英語期末復習要點知識匯總

時間: 曉瓊996 分享

小學英語期末復習要點知識匯總

  一、語法易錯點

  1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.

  2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

  3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .

  4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復數(shù)用there are.

  5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.

  6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)

  二:形容詞比較級

  當我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結構通常是:

  什么 + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:

  I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

  An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

  形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:

 ?、?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

 ?、?以e結尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

 ?、?以輔音字母加y結尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

  ④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

  ☆注意☆

  比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西.

  典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.)

  比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性.

  應該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

  三:動詞過去式

  動詞的過去式的構成規(guī)則有:

  A,規(guī)則動詞

 ?、?一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

 ?、?以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

 ?、?以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

  ④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

  B,不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,

  are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

  四:動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規(guī)則:

 ?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

 ?、?以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

 ?、?雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

  五、小學英語人稱代詞主格及賓格

  人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:主格和賓格漢語意思相同,但位置不同。

  Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

  主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后,也就是說賓格,不放在句首。

  Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

  Excuse me (me 賓格)

  I ask him to go (him 賓格)

  They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

  主格(8個):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

  賓格(8個):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

  六:句型專項歸類

  1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,

  如:I'm a student.

  She is a doctor.

  He works in a hospital.

  There are four fans in our classroom.

  2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

  如:I'm not a student.

  He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

  There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

  ☆注意☆ 小結:

  否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個助動詞要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

  3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.

  如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am \ No, I'm not.

  Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't.

  Does he work in a hospital ?\Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

  Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

  ☆注意☆ 小結:

  一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上,

  ①把動詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.

 ?、跊]有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.

  這三個助動詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的.

  4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子.此類句子應該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:

  What is this?

  Where are you going?

  Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

  When do you usually get up?

  Why do you like spring best ?

  How are you?

  ☆注意☆ 小結:

  其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

  例句:How many pencils do you have ?

  How many girls can you see ?

  how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,

  How many + 名詞復數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……

  How many + 名詞復數(shù) + can you see 你能看見多少……

  How many + 名詞復數(shù) + are there… 有多少……

  七:完全,縮略形式:

  1、簡縮形式的變法:把倒數(shù)第二個字母,通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外,are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're

  2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

  3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時,一定要注意第一個字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's

  4、記住一個特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i) 5、記?。簍hisis 沒有簡縮形式this's(錯誤)

  5.常見的縮略形式:

  I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they

  are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are

  can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not

  isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us

  won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not


  【(公眾號:英語教學)】

  本文為原創(chuàng)文章,版權歸作者所有,未經(jīng)授權不得轉載!

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