初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題

時(shí)間：2019-11-27 11:57:16 於寶1274由分享

　　英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最重要的部分，下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題，希望能夠幫助到大家!

　　初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專題

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本構(gòu)成：

　　be + done

　　2八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：(變 be 的時(shí)態(tài)即可，done不動(dòng))

　　1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + done

　　①People grow rice in the south of the country.

　　Rice is grown in the south of the country.

　?、赥he school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

　　We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

　　2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were + done

　?、賂hey agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

　　The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

　?、赥he students didn't forget his lessons easily.

　　His lessons were not easily forgotten

　　3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will + be done

　?、賂hey will send cars abroad by sea.

　　Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

　?、赥hey will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

　　Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

　　4)一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would + be done

　?、賂he manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

　　The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.

　?、?The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

　　The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.

　　5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + done

　?、賂he radio is broadcasting English lessons.

　　English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

　?、?We are painting the rooms.

　　The rooms are being painted.

　　6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + done

　　①The workers were mending the road.

　　The road was being mended.

　?、赥his time last year we were planting trees here.

　　Trees were being planted here this time last year.

　　7)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done

　?、賁omeone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

　　I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

　?、贖e has brought his book here.

　　His book has been brought here.

　　8)過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had + been + done

　?、賅hen I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

　　When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

　?、?The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; people had considered him to be a great leader.

　　The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; he had been considered to be a great leader

　　3含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ done

　　①You must hand in your compositions after class.

　　Your compositions must be handed in after class.

　?、贖e can write a great many letters with the computer.

　　A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

　　4被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用情況：

　　1)當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)。

　　“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

　　2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語(yǔ)。

　　These records were made by John Denver.

　　5主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：

　　1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

　　2)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。

　　3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。

　　My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

　　→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.

　　The school set up a special class to help poor readers.

　　→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.

　　6語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題：

　　1) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。

　　We have bought a new computer.

　　→A new computer has been bought. (正確)

　　→A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)

　　2)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。

　　My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.

　　→I was given a present on my birthday.

　　如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)

　　→A present was given to me yesterday.

　　3) 由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。

　　The patient is being operated on.

　　The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.

　　His request was turned down.

　　The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather

　　4)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。

　　We always keep the classroom clean.

　　→The classroom is always kept clean.

　　She told us to follow her instructions.

　　→We were told to follow her instructions.

　　注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后必須還原to。

　　We often hear him play the guitar.

　　→He is often heard to play the guitar.

　　5)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　Nobody can answer this question.

　　誤：The question can be answered by nobody.

　　正：The question can not be answered by anybody.

　　6)當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　They haven't done anything to make the river clean.

　　誤：Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.

　　正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.

　　7)以who為主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首。

　　Who wrote the story?

　　誤：Who was the story written?

　　正：By whom was the story written?

　　8)有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。

　　The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。

　　The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。

　　The books sell well. 這些書(shū)銷(xiāo)量很好。

　　9)下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句。

　?、俑泄傧祫?dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound。

　　— Do you like the material?

　　— Yes, it feels very soft.

　?、诓患拔飫?dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。

　　When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.

　　After the earthquake, few houses remained.

　　③賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)。

　　I taught myself English.

　　誤：Myself was taught English.

　　We love each other.

　　誤：Each other is loved.

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)題

　　考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥

　　英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞不表示動(dòng)作，而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如cost, fit, last, own, fail等。

　　在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，hear, see, notice等感官動(dòng)詞和make, have, let等使役動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但在轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加to。

　　某些感官動(dòng)詞加形容詞可表被動(dòng)意義，如：feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。

　　某些不及物動(dòng)詞后加副詞，也可表被動(dòng)意義，如：lock, open, read, sell, cut等。

　　含短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)中的介詞或副詞不能丟掉。

　　把直接賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to / for。

　　不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：appear, die, fall, happen, come out, take place等。

　　經(jīng)典習(xí)題

　　1.—Wow, your silk dress looks so beautiful! How much is it?

　　—Well, it me .

　　A. cost

　　B. was cost

　　C. spent

　　D. was spent

　　2.—Sandy was made by some boys.

　　— Oh, sorry to hear that.

　　A. cry

　　B. to cry

　　C. cried

　　D. to crying

　　3.—These oranges look ugly, but they very sweet.

　　— If so, I’d like to buy some.

　　A. tasted

　　B. were tasted

　　C. taste

　　D. are tasted

　　4.—Don’t you like the car? It so well.

　　—I like it a lot, but I just can’t afford it.

　　A. sells

　　B. is sold

　　C. sold

　　D. was sold

　　5.As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics in China.

　　A. took place

　　B. will take place

　　C. were taken place

　　D. will be taken place

　　參考答案：ABCAB

　　常見(jiàn)幾種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)練習(xí)

　　含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　講一講

　　含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。如：

　　Your homework should be finished before 9 pm.

　　The plant needn’t be watered every day.

　　Must the room be cleaned twice a day, Mom?

　　When can my computer be repaired, Mr. Wang?

　　表示被動(dòng)意義的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1. read, ride, write, sell等作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

　　2. look, smell, taste, feel, sound等表感覺(jué)的連系動(dòng)詞也常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

　　練一練

　　一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

　　1.Many more trees should (plant) in the town.

　　2.Must the work (finish) by 6:30 this afternoon?

　　3.—How often do I need to feed the dog?

　　—It must (give) food three times a day.

　　4.The stars can (see) clearly this evening.

　　5.Tables can (make) of stone or wood.

　　二、把下列句子改為含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

　　1.We should clean our teeth twice a day.

　　2.You must hand in your homework before class.

　　3.You can hang these old pictures in the living room.

　　4.Students can keep the dictionaries for three weeks.

　　5.We should make some rules to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.

　　☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　參考答案：

　　一、1.be planted

　　2.be finished

　　3.be given

　　4.be seen

　　5.be made

　　二、1.Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.

　　2.Your homework must be handed in before class.

　　3.These old pictures can be hung in the living room.

　　4.The dictionaries can be kept for three weeks by students.

　　5.Some rules should be made to stop the kids from throwing rubbish.

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　講一講

　　英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

　　▲ 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為is / am / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (+ by + 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)，句中常含有often, usually, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

　　▲ 在將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可參考以下例句：

　　Jenny① cleans② the room③ every day.

　　→The room③ is cleaned② by Jenny① every day.

　　把主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)③變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ);

　　把主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞②(cleans)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)(is cleaned)。be的形式根據(jù)被動(dòng)句中主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)以及原主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)確定。

　　把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)①放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)若是代詞，將主格改為賓格。在無(wú)須說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可以省略。如：

　　People grow rice in the south of China. → Rice is grown in the south of China.

　　練一練

　　把下列句子改為含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

　　1.Some big boys often laugh at the little girl.

　　2.A lot of people speak Chinese around the world.

　　3.Millions of people enjoy the Great Wall.

　　4.My grandpa waters these flowers every morning.

　　5.Everyone considers Dora to be the best student in the class.

　　6.People use chopsticks for eating noodles in China.

　　7.The students always keep the classroom clean.

　　☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

　　參考答案：

　　1.The little girl is often laughed at by some big boys.

　　2.Chinese is spoken by a lot of people around the world.

　　3.The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people.

　　4.These flowers are watered by my grandpa every morning.

　　5.Dora is considered to be the best student in the class.

　　6.Chopsticks are used for eating noodles in China.

　　7.The classroom is always kept clean by the students.

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　講一講

　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。如：Three trees were watered by Alan yesterday.

　　將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　有些動(dòng)詞如tell, give, send, lend, show, teach等后接雙賓語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將間接賓語(yǔ)提前變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不動(dòng);如果將直接賓語(yǔ)提前，則需要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加上to或for。如：

　　Mary gave Miss Lin a bunch of flowers.

　　→ Miss Lin was given a bunch of flowers by Mary.

　　→ A bunch of flowers was given to Miss Lin by Mary.

　　若動(dòng)詞后跟省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上to。如：

　　We saw a stranger walk into the teacher’s office.

　　→ A stranger was seen to walk into the teacher’s office.

　　“動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，需要保留后面的介詞或副詞。如：

　　The little girl took good care of her sick grandma.

　　→ The little girl’s sick grandma was taken good care of by her.

　　練一練

　　把下列句子改為含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。

　　1.Alice sent me a postcard last week.