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學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 六年級(jí)方法 > 六年級(jí)英語(yǔ) >

小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總(超精)

時(shí)間: 於寶21274 分享

  英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)一直是英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中最重要的部分,那學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí)好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法了,下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總,希望能夠幫助到大家!

  小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總(超精)

  一、量詞

  1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.

  2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.

  3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have .

  4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.

  5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.

  二、形容詞的比較級(jí)

  比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 。

  如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)

  An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

  形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的,它的變化規(guī)則是:

 ?、?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,

 ?、?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,

 ?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier

 ?、?雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter

  比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西.

  典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).)

  比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性.

  應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

  三、人稱代詞主格、賓格、所有格、所有格代詞

  人稱代詞分為主格和賓格,主格和賓格區(qū)別:主格和賓格漢語(yǔ)意思相同,但位置不同。例如:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"主格在陳述句中通常放句首,賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后,也就是說(shuō)賓格,不放在句首。

  比如: I have a new car.( I 主格)

  Excuse me (me 賓格)

  I ask him to go (him 賓格)

  They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

  主格(8個(gè)):I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

  賓格(8個(gè)):me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

  所有格是指所屬,后面一般跟名詞,表示某物屬于誰(shuí),屬于形容詞詞性。比如:My name is jake. What’s your name?

  所有格:my(我的)your(你的)his(他的) her(她的)its(它的)our(我們的)your(你們的)their(她們的、他們的、它們的)

  所有格名詞,自身是名詞屬性,指代誰(shuí)的什么東西,一般前文有指。比如:My name is jake. What’s yours?(yours 指“你的名字”)

  名詞所有格:mine(我的sth.)yours(你的sth.)his(他的sth.)hers(她的sth.)its(它的sth.)ours(我們的sth.)yours(你們的sth.)theirs(他們的sth. 她們的sth. 它們的sth.)

  四、名詞

  名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式

  1、名詞的單數(shù):表示一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物

  2、名詞的復(fù)數(shù):表示一個(gè)人以上的人或事物

  名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律如下

  1、多數(shù)情況下在名詞后面加S,s 在清輔音后讀【S】

  2、以s,x,sh,ch為結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es, es讀作【iz】

  3、以f,fe為結(jié)尾的詞去掉f或fe加ves,ves讀作【vz】

  4、以輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y 為ies

  5、以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加s

  6、不規(guī)則變化

  a變成e

  Man-men woman-women policeman-policemen

  Policewoman-policewomen

  單復(fù)數(shù)同形

  Chinese-chinese Japanese-japanese

  sheep -sheep deer -deer

  不規(guī)則變化

  This 這個(gè)these這些(復(fù)數(shù))

  that那個(gè) those那些(復(fù)數(shù))

  I我 we我們(復(fù)數(shù))

  he他 she她 it它 they他、它、她們(復(fù)數(shù))

  am ,is是 are(復(fù)數(shù))

  名詞所有格

  1、 變法:在人名后面加's

  記?。?#39;s要譯成"的"如:Lucy(名詞所有格)Lucy's

  2、 如果是2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上人的名詞所有格要在最后一個(gè)人名加's

  如:Lily and Lucy (名詞所有格)Lily and Lucy'S

  Lily Lucy and Julia (名詞所有格) Lily Lucy and Julia's

  3、 以s結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)所有格在后面加',eg:students'

  五、動(dòng)詞

  1、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

 ?、?一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

 ?、?以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

 ?、?雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running, swimming , sitting , getting

  句子結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞(am is are/was were)+doing+狀語(yǔ),表示正在做某事,或過(guò)去正在做某事

  如:I am going to school. You are sitting in my seat!

  2、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

  動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

  A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

 ?、?一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

 ?、?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

 ?、?雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped

  B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt

  動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式表示動(dòng)作過(guò)去發(fā)生,一般用于過(guò)去式

  六、句子

  1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子

  如:I'm a student.

  She is a doctor.

  He works in a hospital.

  There are four fans in our classroom.

  2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

  如:I'm not a student.

  He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.

  There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

  否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫(xiě)成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě).沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .

  系動(dòng)詞否定:am not/ isn’t, aren’t

  動(dòng)詞否定:don’t+動(dòng)詞/doesn’t+動(dòng)詞/didn’t+動(dòng)詞

  3,一般疑問(wèn)句:是指詢問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來(lái)回答.

  如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

  Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.

  Does he work in a hospital ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.

  Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.

  句子結(jié)構(gòu):系動(dòng)詞提前+主語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

  助動(dòng)詞提前+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+狀語(yǔ)

  助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致,即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.

  4,特殊疑問(wèn)句:以特殊疑問(wèn)詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來(lái)回答.如:

  What is this?

  Where are you going?

  Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?

  When do you usually get up?

  Why do you like spring best ?

  How are you?

  特殊疑問(wèn)詞+系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

  特殊疑問(wèn)詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+狀語(yǔ)

  Who+系動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞

  特殊疑問(wèn)詞:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大)how many (多少)how much(多少錢(qián)) how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

  例句:How many pencils do you have ?

  How many girls can you see ?

  how many 用來(lái)提問(wèn)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,

  How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少……

  How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見(jiàn)多少……

  How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少……

  七、縮略

  1、簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法:把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母,通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外,are要把a(bǔ)打成' 。例如:he is=he's they are=they're

  2、簡(jiǎn)縮形式和完全形式的漢語(yǔ)意思相同。

  3、把完全形式變成簡(jiǎn)縮形式時(shí),一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。例如:What is =What's

  4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)

  5、記?。簍his is 沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)縮形式this's(錯(cuò)誤)

  6.常見(jiàn)的縮略形式:

  I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are

  can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not

  isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us

  won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not

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