中考英語(yǔ)主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析
縱觀近年來(lái)全國(guó)各地中考英語(yǔ)試題,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)中考對(duì)主謂一致的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面:
一、根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)和可數(shù)性考查主謂一致
如果用作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是單數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果用作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);如果用作主語(yǔ)的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【真題鏈接1】(2015年重慶B卷) —How many people are there in your group?
—Four. Three boys ______ in our group.
A. is B. are
C. were D. was
【解析】選B。句子主語(yǔ)Three boys為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,答句謂語(yǔ)要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故空格處應(yīng)填are。
【真題鏈接2】(2015年郴州卷) —What would you like, coffee or tea?
—Either ______ OK. I dont mind.
A. is B. are
C. was
【解析】選A。either用作代詞,意為“兩者中的任何一個(gè)”,在句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,空格處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is。
【真題鏈接3】(2015年黃石卷) The writer and speaker ______ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A. are giving B. is giving
C. will give D. has given
【解析】選B。the writer and speaker意為“這位作家兼演說(shuō)家”,指的是同一個(gè)人,由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知,該句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),故空格處應(yīng)填is giving。
【真題鏈接4】(2011年德陽(yáng)卷) —Physics ______ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so?
—Yes, I think so.
A. is B. are
C. have D. has
【解析】選A。句子主語(yǔ)Physics意為“物理”,在這里指一門(mén)學(xué)科。雖然主語(yǔ)形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但表示的是單數(shù)意義,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);再根據(jù)句意可知,空格處應(yīng)用系動(dòng)詞,故填is。
二、考查“名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
介詞短語(yǔ)一般不用作主語(yǔ),因此,當(dāng)“名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)”處于主語(yǔ)位置時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只與其中的名詞有關(guān)而與介詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)。如a teacher with his students做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只與a teacher保持一致,而與with his students無(wú)關(guān)。
【真題鏈接1】(2015年泰安卷) Everybody except Mike and Linda ______ there when the meeting began.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】選C。句子的真正主語(yǔ)是Everybody,而不是except Mike and Linda,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;根據(jù)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,該句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
【真題鏈接2】(2015年安順卷) Mary with her parents often ______ for a walk in the park after supper.
A. go B. is going
C. are going D. goes
【解析】選D。句子主語(yǔ)是Mary,為單數(shù),故可排除A、B兩項(xiàng);由頻度副詞often可知,該句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【真題鏈接3】(2015年攀枝花卷) The girl, as well as her parents, ______ to the park, and all of them ______ very happy.
A. go; are B. goes; feels
C. went; are D. goes; feel
【解析】選D。這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列句,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,前后分句均用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其中,第一個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)是The girl,為單數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式goes;第二個(gè)分句的主語(yǔ)是all of them,為復(fù)數(shù),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式feel。
三、考查整體中的部分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
若一個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示的是整體中的部分,當(dāng)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)只與其中的“部分”保持一致,而與“整體”無(wú)關(guān)。如one of the boys做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與one有關(guān),而與the boys無(wú)關(guān)。
【真題鏈接1】(2011年衢州卷) One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.
A. has B. have
C. is D. are
【解析】選A。處于主語(yǔ)位置的one of my friends屬于表示“整體中的部分”的短語(yǔ),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只與表示“部分”的one保持一致,而與表示“整體”的my friends無(wú)關(guān),故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);再根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)該是指“已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)”,而不是“被移到了美國(guó)”,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
【真題鏈接2】(2012年南通卷) Each of the club members ______ ready to help those who were in trouble.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】選C。句子謂語(yǔ)與Each保持一致,而與the club members無(wú)關(guān),故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng);再根據(jù)其后定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,句子談?wù)摰氖沁^(guò)去情況,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
四、考查倒裝句中的主謂一致
對(duì)倒裝句而言,位于句首主語(yǔ)位置的成分并非是句子的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)需根據(jù)句子意思和句式特點(diǎn)找出句子真正的主語(yǔ),從而確定句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。
【真題鏈接】(2012年煙臺(tái)卷) Between the two hills ______ a deep river.
A. are B. have
C. has D. is
【解析】選D。根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,介詞短語(yǔ)不用作句子主語(yǔ),所以當(dāng)介詞短語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)位置時(shí),應(yīng)考慮此句是否是倒裝句。本句即屬倒裝句,真正的主語(yǔ)是a deep river,故空格處應(yīng)填is。
五、考查并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
對(duì)于并列成分做主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題,同學(xué)們應(yīng)注意以下兩類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu):
1. 當(dāng)and和both ... and ...連接的兩個(gè)并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
2. 當(dāng)either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... 連接的兩個(gè)并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與其最靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
【真題鏈接1】(2012年廣東卷) —Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ______ fond of the TV program “A Bite of China”.
—I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am
C. was D. are
【解析】選D。both ... and ... 連接兩個(gè)并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),故可排除A、B和C三項(xiàng)。
【真題鏈接2】(2015年安順卷) —What would you like to have for supper?
—Either noodles or rice ______ OK. I dont mind.
A. are B. were
C. is D. was
【解析】選C。either ... or ... 連接并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與or后的主語(yǔ)保持一致,故可排除A、B兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)問(wèn)句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知,答句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【真題鏈接3】(2015年呼和浩特卷) Neither the headmaster nor the teachers ______ take a vacation next week.
A. were going toB. is going to
C. was going to D. are going to
【解析】選D。當(dāng)neither ... nor ... 連接并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)與nor后的主語(yǔ)保持一致,故可排除B、C兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next week可知,該句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
【真題鏈接4】(2011年綏化卷) This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ______ good at drawing.
A. is B. am
C. are D. were
【解析】選B。當(dāng)not only ... but also ... 連接兩個(gè)并列成分做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與but also后的主語(yǔ)I保持一致,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用am。
六、考查a number of ... 和the number of ... 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
a number of ... 意為“許多、若干”,若用作主語(yǔ),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of ... 意為“……的數(shù)量”,若用作主語(yǔ),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【真題鏈接1】(2015年益陽(yáng)卷) —How many women doctors are there in your hospital?
—______ them ______ over twenty.
A. A number of; are
B. The number of; are
C. The number of; is
【解析】選C。句意為:——你們醫(yī)院有多少名醫(yī)生?——20多名。the number of ...意為“……的數(shù)量”,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
【真題鏈接2】(2015年南充卷) The number of the volunteers ______ 100 now. And a small number of them ______ already gone to the workplace.
A. is; have B. are; have
C. is; are D. is; has
【解析】選A。the number of ... 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),故第一空填is;a number of做主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),又因?yàn)樵摼涫乾F(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故第二空填have。
七、考查there be句式中的主謂一致
在there be句式中,動(dòng)詞be不僅有時(shí)態(tài)上的變化,而且有單復(fù)數(shù)的變化。確定其時(shí)態(tài)的方法是看句子意思和句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或其他相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài);確定其單復(fù)數(shù)的方法是看與動(dòng)詞be最靠近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
【真題鏈接1】(2015年綏化卷) There ______ little milk in the fridge. Lets go and buy some.
A. has B. is
C. are
【解析】選B。there be句式中的be動(dòng)詞與其后所接的名詞保持一致,句中milk是不可數(shù)名詞,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。
【真題鏈接2】(2015年廣東卷) —______ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are
C. Has D. Have
【解析】選B。我們不難確定本題考查的是there be句式,可先排除C、D兩項(xiàng);句中l(wèi)iving things是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are。
【真題鏈接3】(2015年雅安卷) There ______ a bag and some books on the desk just now.
A. are B. is
C. were D. was
【解析】選D。there be句式中be的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”,由鄰近主語(yǔ)a bag可先排除A、C兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just now可知,該句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故空白處只能填was。
【真題鏈接4】(2015年?yáng)|營(yíng)卷) Police: Whats in your wallet?
Owner: There ______ some money and two tickets for todays e-sports competition.
A. is B. was
C. are D. were
【解析】選A。鄰近主語(yǔ)money為不可數(shù)名詞,可先排除C、D兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)上下句語(yǔ)境可知,答句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故空白處只能填is。
八、考查表示“一段時(shí)間”等的名詞或短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
當(dāng)一段時(shí)間(如ten years)、一段距離(如five hundred miles)、一筆錢(qián)(如100 dollars)等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常將其視為一個(gè)整體,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【真題鏈接1】(2015年綿陽(yáng)卷) For kids of this age, two hours of sitting in a classroom ______ too long.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【解析】選A。主語(yǔ)two hours意為“兩個(gè)小時(shí)”,通常將其視為一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;該句談?wù)摰氖且环N事實(shí),故選A。
【真題鏈接2】(2011年廣安卷) —How much is the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ______ enough.
A. is B. are
C. am D. have
【解析】選A。主語(yǔ)Twenty dollars在此應(yīng)看成一個(gè)整體,表示單數(shù)概念,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。
九、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致
當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原則上用單數(shù)。同學(xué)們做題時(shí)要注意,若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有自己的賓語(yǔ),且賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,此時(shí)不要受此影響而誤用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。
【真題鏈接】(2015年哈爾濱卷) Doing eye exercises ______ one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.
A. is B. are
C. were
【解析】選A。句子主語(yǔ)Doing eye exercises為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。切忌受Doing的賓語(yǔ)eye exercises的影響而誤用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。
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