2020高中沖刺英語知識點復習
高中語法主要有主謂一致、冠詞、代詞、連詞、介詞、動詞短語、情態(tài)動詞、時態(tài)語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、動詞、從句等。接下來是小編為大家整理的2020高中沖刺英語知識點復習，希望大家喜歡!
2020高中沖刺英語知識點復習一
各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)概述
被動語態(tài)的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態(tài)的構成
被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：
1.一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2.一般過去時was/were+過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5.過去進行時was/were+being+過去分詞
When he got there,the problem was being discussed.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.
7.過去完成時had+been+過去分詞
注意：1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get,stay等也可以和過
去分詞構成被動語態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2.含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”結構。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.
3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等結構的謂語，其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to+be+過去分詞”和“be to+be+過去分詞”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4.被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別：“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構成的系表結構，與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應注
意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞，多強調狀態(tài)。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)
5.主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。
例如：These books sell well.這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut.這門關不上。
The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。
2020高中沖刺英語知識點復習二
allow與permit
1)用法相同
allow / permit sb .to do sth .允許某人做某事
allow / permit doing sth . 允許做某事。此時動詞只用ing 形式。
反義詞forbid 具有同樣用法。
2)意義有異同
許多情況下可換用，只是詞意的強弱上有差異。allow語意較弱，含有―聽任‖，―默許‖，―不加阻止‖的
意思;permit 語意較強，強調―正式認可‖，―批準‖的意思。如：
The nurse allowed him to remain there ,though it was not permitted.
護士讓他留在那里，雖然這時(規(guī)定)不允許的。
amaze vt.使……驚奇 = astonish, surprise
The news amazed us greatly.這條消息使我們感到很驚奇。
拓展：(1)amazed人對……感到吃驚的;amazing(某物)……信人吃驚的。
They were all amazed at the amazing news.
聽到這個令人吃驚的消息他們感到驚訝。
(2)amazement n.
to one’s amazement令人吃驚的是
To my amazement, they have gone to Xishuangbanna.
讓我奇怪的是，他們去西雙版納了。
類似短語：to one’s happiness/excitement/sadness/puzzlement
使某人高興的/興奮的/傷心的/迷惑的是
and so on : etc 等等。用來表示列舉，但又不一一列出。
He knows five foreign languages, English, French, Japanese and so on.他懂5種外語，如英語、法
語、日語等等。
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接雙賓語，若以人作賓語常置于to后。如：
The president announced to the workers the sad news.
The president announced the sad news to the workers.
總裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。
He introduced the new comer to everyone here.
他把新來的那個人介紹給這里的每個人。
report to sb.向某人匯報：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人匯報/告訴。
[應用]單句改錯
?、賂he teacher explained his students how to use the computer.
②No one declared us we could not smoke here.
Key:①explain后加to ②declare后加to
another day/the other day/some day/one day
another day 可表示近期將來的某一天，意為―改天‖，也可表示過去將來某一動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的―又一
天‖。如:
She is coming another day instead of today. 她今天不來，改天來。
You may do it another day.
你可以改天做這件事。
He stayed there (for) another day/another two days after I lift.
我離開后他在那又待了一天/兩天。
the other day 相當于a few days ago,意為―幾天前、某天、那天、不久前‖，句中用一般過去時。如：
I met her in the street the other day.幾天前我在街上碰見過她。
I bought the watch the other day.這手表我是幾天前買的。
some day指將來―總有一天、有朝一日、終將、(日后)某一天‖，謂語動詞用一般將來時.如:
Your wishes will come true some day.總有一天你的愿望會實現(xiàn)的。
Some day you’ll have to pay for what you have done.
總有一天你要為你的行為而付出代價的。
one day可以表示―(過去)某一天‖，謂語動詞常用一般過去式;也可表示―(將來)某一天‖，這時
可與some day互相代替，謂語常用一般將來時。如：
One day I went to see my first teacher ,but he happened to be out.有一天，我去看我的啟蒙老師，
可碰巧他出去了。
He will understand the teacher one day/some day.將來有一天，他會理解老師的。
anxious, eager
兩個詞均有―渴望，急于‖之意。anxious 著重指焦急、著急或擔心;而eager著重指對成功的期望或進取的熱情。兩者都多用作表語，其主語通常是人，不能以無生命的事物作主語。對比：
He is eager to join the army.他渴望參軍。
He is anxious to know whether he has been chosen.
他急于知道是否被選上了。
常用搭配：
?、賐e anxious to do sth.渴望急切地做某事;
be anxious for渴望(了解、得到);
be anxious about擔心，對……感到不安
②be eager to do sth.急切地想做某事;
be eager for (about, after)渴望，渴求，
be eager for your help渴望得到你的幫助;
be eager about peace渴望和平
?、賹W生們都急切地想知道考試結果。
The students ________ ________ ________ ________ the results ofthe examination.
?、谀莻€小男孩渴望得到一臺新錄音機。
The little boy was ________ ________a new recorder.
?、畚液軗奈覂鹤拥慕】?。
I’m ________ ________my son’s health.
④他殷切希望女兒的成功。
He is __________ _________ his daughter’s success.
Key:①are, anxious(eager),to ,know
?、赼nxious(eager)，for
③anxious, about
?、躤ager, for(about, after)
apologize for doing sth.
apologize是不及物動詞，意為―道歉‖，其表達式為―apologize to sb.for sth.‖。如：
You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.
它的名詞形式是apology, 復數(shù)形式是apologizes.
make one’s apologies to sb. for sth.= make an apology to sb. for sth.如：
He make his apologies to me for coming late.
appear
As a result, it appered to scientists on earth that the stars had moved.因此，地球上的科學家看來，
恒星好像是移動了。
句型：It appears/seems(to sb.) +that—clause.看來/似乎是……
?、買t appears to me that something is wrong.我看好像有點不大對頭。
?、贗t appears that he will the prize.看來他會得笑。
2020高中沖刺英語知識點復習三
賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。
1. 作動詞的賓語
(1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?， 例如：
I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如：
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發(fā)生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。
(3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她對我說她會接受我的邀請。
2. 作介詞的賓語，例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。
3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如：
I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 我恐怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。
注意：that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。
4. it 可以作為形式賓語
it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。
5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動詞
這類動詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如：
正確表達：I admire their winning the match.
錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞
有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句”結構中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：
正確表達：He impressed the manager as an honest man.
錯誤表達：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的轉移
若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：
I don't think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。
表語從句
表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位語從句
同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
1. 同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如：
1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。
(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。)(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。)(同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分)
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