人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
追逐高考,我們向往成功,我們希望激發(fā)潛能,我們就需要在心中鑄造一座高高矗立的、堅(jiān)固無(wú)比的燈塔,它的名字叫信念。下面小編給大家分享一些人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
省略
(有個(gè)表格:見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)選修6附錄)
Ⅰ、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
以if從句為代表的狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
Ⅱ、定語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom等在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后時(shí),可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。
Ⅲ、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略
1、 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were,had,should等時(shí)省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句。
2、 Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的名詞性從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。
Ⅳ、不定式符號(hào)to的省略
1、 感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式省略to。
2、 在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復(fù),當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí),在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be,have時(shí),也保留be和have。
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重復(fù)前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句??膳cbelieve,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m afraid等連用
倒裝
1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒裝:
2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主語(yǔ)的句子中用全部倒裝:
注:如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則不用倒裝。
3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子以示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?yàn)榱耸骨榫案鷦?dòng),句子用全部倒裝:
注:如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則不用倒裝。
4. only, not until所修飾的介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),要部分倒裝:
注:①主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
②Only+主語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),不倒裝。
5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首時(shí),要部分倒裝:
6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒裝:
注:not only…but also, neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)不倒裝。
7.以so, neither, nor開(kāi)頭的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定時(shí),要全部倒裝:
e.g.:
I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.
She is a teacher, so am I.
8.so/such…that句型中,把so/such修飾的那部分放在句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝:
9.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,常把表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)置于主首,用倒裝:
注:如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,該詞前一般不加冠詞。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
10.省略if的虛擬條件句置于句首時(shí),用倒裝:
11. Such作表語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),表示強(qiáng)調(diào),用倒裝:
人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理
主謂一致
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。(最基本的)
2、由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
3、由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
4、主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with ,along with,like 等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。
注意:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間插入了分詞短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
5、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。
6、集體名詞family, class, team, group 等看作整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);看作每一個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
7、 當(dāng)表示國(guó)家,城市,人名,書(shū)名,報(bào)紙,雜志,及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專有名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),作為整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》
8、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù),實(shí)為單數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
9、“the +形容詞”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)
10、表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
11、由連詞not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。(這個(gè)就是就近原則)
12、There be句型、以here開(kāi)頭的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。
13、a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞,其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
14、在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。
注意:在“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如沒(méi)有the only, 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
1.wish希望
wish to do sth.
wish sb. to do sth.
Wish that…
注意: 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式, 可以表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在/當(dāng)時(shí);過(guò)去;未來(lái)的“希望”
eg. I wish that I were five years old.
I wish that I had studied hard before.
I wish that I could walk in space some day.
wish sb. sth.
Eg. I wish you good luck.
2. Which do you think is the most important?
Do you think 是插入語(yǔ),不影響句子的整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。Do you think 插入到疑問(wèn)句中, 句子應(yīng)使用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
Eg. How much do you think I should pay for the book?
3. if so倘若是(那樣的話)……
eg. If so , I won’t ask you for help.
4.How do you improve society?
society“社會(huì)”,使用時(shí)不加冠詞。
Eg. The thief is dangerous to society.
5. It is likely that many of them will be born in …
likely 是形容詞, 與possible 意思相同, 但possible只可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu):it is possible that…;likely還可:sb. be likely to do
eg. He is likely to win the game.
6. It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University
include“包括”,指“部分包含”,劃線部分還可以:
Peking University and Tsinghua University included
contain意思是(全部)容納
Eg. I lost my wallet which contained 200 dollars, including two coins.
7. set up建立, 指“搭建并成立”
eg. We set up a new school and the students there were very happy.
put up單純指“搭建”
Eg. They put up a new house.
found “成立, 建立”,尤指“國(guó)家、組織等”的建立
Eg. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
8. in the late 1990’s在二十世紀(jì)90年代后期,在年代前的冠詞the不能省略。
9.They all share the spirit of…
spirit“精神,靈魂”是不可數(shù)名詞;
spirits“情緒”,固定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Eg. The students are in high spirits.
10. …made Zhongguancun a success.
success“成功”,是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞
Eg. Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。
a success 意思是“一件成功的事/一個(gè)成功的人物”
succeed 是動(dòng)詞
succeed in doing sth. 介詞in不可省略
11. …is one of those who have returned to China after studying and working abroad.
abroad 是副詞。副詞作定語(yǔ)需后置。
Eg. I have a lot of friends at home and abroad.我有很多國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外的朋友。
go abroad出國(guó)
12.…and work with some of the top scientists…
top scientists 優(yōu)秀、頂尖的科學(xué)家
top students 好學(xué)生,尖子生
13.come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
eg. My dream came true.
come此處是系動(dòng)詞。有些常作為行為動(dòng)詞的詞也可作系動(dòng)詞。
Eg. go hungry 挨餓
go bad 變質(zhì)
14.rely on =depend on 依賴,依靠
15. Not all the new companies can succeed.并非所有的公司都能成功。
All\both\everyone\everything用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中表示部分否定。
Eg. Not everyone likes the film.并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)電影。
16.We are not making that much money yet.
That此處相當(dāng)于so, 表程度。
17.aim at把目標(biāo)投在……
此處aim是動(dòng)詞,aim也可作名詞.
18. prove“證明”,多作系動(dòng)詞,不用被動(dòng)
It proved (to be )correct.
人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
1. mean to do sth.打算做某事
mean (doing) sth 意味著做某事
be meant for打算給予……,打算做……用
(had) meant to do 本來(lái)打算做而實(shí)際上未做
by all means 可以,當(dāng)然行,沒(méi)問(wèn)題
by means of 借助……的手段;依靠……方法
By no meant絕不,一點(diǎn)兒也不
2. take place發(fā)生
3. do harm/good有害處/好處
4. go to clean graves掃墓
5. in memory of 為了紀(jì)念……
in celebration of為了慶?!?/p>
in favor of贊同……
in praise of為了表?yè)P(yáng)……
6. in the shape of 以……的形狀
7. offer sb sth=offer sth to sb提供某人某物/某物給某人
offer to do sth主動(dòng)提出做某事/建議將做某事
offer (sb) money for sth(向某人)出價(jià)多少買(mǎi)某物
offer (sb) sth for money(向某人)開(kāi)價(jià)多少賣某物
8. dress up裝扮
9. play a trick/tricks on=play a joke/jokes on開(kāi)玩笑
10. the arrival of……的回歸
11. gain independence獲得獨(dú)立
12. the agricultural work農(nóng)活
13. decorate… with用……裝飾……
14. win awards贏得獎(jiǎng)品
15. admire the moon賞月
admire sb for sth因?yàn)椤w慕某人
16. look forward to doing sth期待做某事
17. day and night日日夜夜
18. colourful clothing of all kinds各種各樣的漂亮的衣服
19. as though/if好像
20. be covered with被……覆蓋
21. have fun with取樂(lè)
22. a worldwide holiday全世界的節(jié)日
23. turn up/away/back/down/in/off/on/out/over/to出現(xiàn)/拒絕/原路返回/關(guān)小,拒絕/上交/轉(zhuǎn)變;關(guān)掉/打開(kāi)/證明是;生產(chǎn)/翻轉(zhuǎn)/轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于
in turn輪流/反過(guò)來(lái)
take turns to do sth/in doing sth輪流做某事
do sth by turns輪流干某事
24. laugh at 嘲笑
make fun of取笑
25. keep one’s word/promise守信用,履行諾言
26. hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
27. It is obvious that很明顯……
28. wipe the table擦桌子
29. fall in love with sb愛(ài)上某人
be in love相愛(ài)(與表示一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞連用)
get married/be married to sb/ marry sb與某人結(jié)婚
30. once a year一年一次
31. set off出發(fā)
set about著手開(kāi)始
set…against把……與……比較/對(duì)比
set back 使……后退,阻礙,撥慢(鐘表)
set forward前進(jìn),促進(jìn),撥快(鐘表)
set down 寫(xiě)下
set out動(dòng)身,出發(fā);攤開(kāi),陳列;表述(理由)
32. throw…away扔掉
33. remind…of 使……想起……
remind sb to do sth提醒某人干某事
34. forgive sb原諒某人
35. a kind of +n.(s./pl.)+V(單)一種
kinds of +n.(s./pl)+V(復(fù))各種各樣的
36. hold back阻止,退縮
hold on to 抓住,不賣掉,不放棄
hold on 等一等,請(qǐng)稍等,堅(jiān)持,忍受著
hold up 舉起,拿起,延誤,使停頓
hold out伸出
37. starve for渴望,缺乏
starve to death餓死
38. important religious festival重要的宗教性節(jié)日
39. light lamps點(diǎn)燈
40. apologize to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉
=say sorry to sb for sth
=make/offer an apologize to sb for (doing) sth
apologize to sb for sb替某人向某人道歉
人教版高中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
1. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. (Reading)
would在此表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,可譯為“總會(huì)”。又如:
Whenever I went to see him, he would treat me with some home-made cakes.
每次我去看他,他總是用自制的糕點(diǎn)招待我。
would 還有以下用法:
(1) 表示意愿。如:
He wouldn’t let the doctor take his blood pressure.
他不愿意讓醫(yī)生量他的血壓。
(2) 表示猜測(cè)。如:
That would be in 1976, I think.
我想那大概是在1976年。
(3) 表示傾向。如:
The window wouldn’t open.
窗子怎么也打不開(kāi)。
2. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.(Reading)
look forward to指熱切地期盼著一件事或行動(dòng)。此短語(yǔ)中的to是介詞,所以后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)為名詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。如:
We are looking forward to my uncle’s visit with great pleasure.
我們高興地等著叔叔來(lái)作客。
We’re looking forward to seeing him again.
我們期望再見(jiàn)到他。
含有介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)還有 lead to(導(dǎo)致,通向), be/get used to(習(xí)慣于), pay attention to(注意), devote...to(致力于,獻(xiàn)身于), prefer...to(喜歡……勝過(guò)……), get down to(開(kāi)始認(rèn)真干某事)等。
3. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.(Reading)
as though和as if 意義相同,都表示“似乎”、“好像”之意。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所述是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí),as though / if 從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如:
He talked as if he knew all about it.
他說(shuō)起來(lái)好像了解一切。
It seemed as if the day would never end.
似乎白天永遠(yuǎn)也過(guò)不完。
I feel as though I were ten years younger.
我覺(jué)得我仿佛年輕了十歲。
She looks as if she had not slept last night.
她看起來(lái)好像昨晚沒(méi)睡覺(jué)。
He talks about pyramids as though he had seen them himself.
他談起金字塔來(lái),就像親眼見(jiàn)過(guò)似的。
當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為所述的情況可能發(fā)生時(shí),as though / if從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如:
It seems as if our team is going to win.
看來(lái)我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭恕?/p>
It looks as if it is going to rain.
好像要下雨。
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