高二英語(yǔ)必掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

時(shí)間：2022-08-22 10:23:26 贊銳0由分享

“學(xué)習(xí)苦，學(xué)習(xí)累，學(xué)習(xí)還要交學(xué)費(fèi)，不如參加……”又一首新出爐的順口溜以每秒30萬(wàn)米的速度飛快傳播。對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，最討厭而又最重要的，便是學(xué)習(xí)。以下是小編給大家整理的高二英語(yǔ)必掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望能幫助到你!

高二英語(yǔ)必掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1

一、不定式做主語(yǔ)：

1、不定式做主語(yǔ)一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。===動(dòng)名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。

e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.

To do such things is foolish.

To see is to believe. (對(duì)等)

注: 1). 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

2). 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將不定式放到謂語(yǔ)的后面。

it做形式主語(yǔ)，不定式放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：

(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…

(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…

It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary

(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...

It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do

It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…

It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…

_注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語(yǔ)，但possible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)，而probable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)。

It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯(cuò))

It is possible for him to come to the meeting.

It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.

二、不定式做表語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等為中心詞的名詞詞組或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容, 不定式作表語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.

Your mistake was not to write that letter.

What I would suggest is to start work at once.

三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)

以不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)

口訣(接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞)

想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算( want learn plan)

快準(zhǔn)備有希望( prepare hope wish expect)

同意否供選擇(agree offer choose)

決定了已答應(yīng)(decide be determined promise)

盡力去著手做(manage undertake)

別拒絕別假裝(refuse pretend)

失敗不是屬于你(fail)

e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.

We hope to get there before dark.

The girl decided to do it herself.

_注意:某些及物動(dòng)詞可用-ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)但意義不同的有

stop go on remember forget

regret try mean can’t help

be used to

高二英語(yǔ)必掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)2

1.倒裝句的定義：英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。

如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，就叫做倒裝。

2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成

a) 完全倒裝

將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，稱之為完全倒裝。

Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?

Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了。

b) 部分倒裝

只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。例如：

Has he come? 他來(lái)了嗎?

Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。

Only in this way can we do the work better.

只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。

3. 倒裝的原因

a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：

Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?

Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲!

b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。

c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如：

Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。

Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。

Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。

4. 倒裝句的基本用法

a) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句(除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句外)：

When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?

Have you seen the film? 你看了那部_嗎?

b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中:

Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。

Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來(lái)了!

c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):

Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。

Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。

d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒(méi)有想到他竟能活著回來(lái)。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

火車剛一進(jìn)站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。

e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒(méi)有去過(guò)農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。

f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。

2. so作“也”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序，例如：

He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看_了，我也去了。

如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果的意思，句子就要用正常語(yǔ)序。例如：

His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看_，他就去了。

“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦?！?“確實(shí)如此?！?/p>

3. 某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面或放在句首，以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it.不管這本書(shū)多有趣，他都不想看。

However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬，我們都可以改變其形狀。

Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。

4. 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，如果非真實(shí)條件句省略if，須將主句中的were, had和should等助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如：

Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些，他就會(huì)去學(xué)溜冰。

Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods

如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話，他們就會(huì)在深林里迷路。

Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to

accept it. 假如他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話，他們就不致于拒絕接受這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

高二英語(yǔ)必掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3

1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成和語(yǔ)法功能及用法對(duì)比。

2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式的用法和特點(diǎn)。

3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。

4.不定式與動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞，分詞作狀語(yǔ)與獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對(duì)比。

5.不定式和動(dòng)名詞在及物動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別是考查的熱點(diǎn)。

6.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。

7.不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。

8.帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。

考點(diǎn)一、考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別

英語(yǔ)句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語(yǔ)都由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。如果對(duì)句子成分劃分不清，把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。如：

1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.

根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)是The children，謂語(yǔ)部分是will go on the stage，動(dòng)詞play顯然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語(yǔ)children之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。

考點(diǎn)二、考查作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析

作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同。動(dòng)詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語(yǔ);現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作,即它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，雖然它的邏輯主語(yǔ)也是句子的主語(yǔ)，但過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。請(qǐng)看下面例題：

1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.

A) To get B) To have got

C) Getting D) Have got

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在句子中沒(méi)有連接詞的情況下, 逗號(hào)是無(wú)力連接兩個(gè)句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)放在句首作狀語(yǔ)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get tired of與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Julia之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，沒(méi)有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語(yǔ),即“由于厭倦了Tom只說(shuō)不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。

考點(diǎn)三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的分辨

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語(yǔ)，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。歷年各種考試的重點(diǎn)在于正確分辨非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是什么，兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，特別是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在句首作狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?請(qǐng)看下面例題：

1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.

2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.

這兩個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)都不是句子的主語(yǔ)，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即“是末班車開(kāi)走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。

高二英語(yǔ)必掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)3

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。

Heated , water changes into steam .

The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .

1 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句

Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …

2 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。

When heated , water can be changed into steam .

Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…

3 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句

Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….

Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …

4 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)

The actress came in , followed by her fans .

She sat by the window , lost in thought .

5 作讓步狀語(yǔ)

Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….

6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。

The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .

All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .

Rewrite with proper conjunctions

Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.

1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

→When he was asked what had happened, …

2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …

3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

If we were given more time,

4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

Once it was translated into Chinese,

5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.

Because she was deeply interested in medicine,

6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

Although he was left alone at home,

現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，;而過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)

選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。例如：

Used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書(shū)看上去很舊。

Using the book, I find it useful.

在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)很有用

注意:1.系表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)

_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)

______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)

be lost in

be dressed in

be interested in

be devoted to