高考基礎(chǔ)英語語法考點(diǎn)必背
2023高考基礎(chǔ)英語語法考點(diǎn)必背
英語語法是英語語言的規(guī)律,英語語言存在了,英語語法也就存在了。在高考中,英語語法的考點(diǎn)是什么?下面是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于高考基礎(chǔ)英語語法考點(diǎn)必背,歡迎大家來閱讀。
高三英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1、that 指人或物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
which 指物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語(作賓語時(shí)可以省略)
who 指人在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
whom 指人在從句中作賓語
whose 指人或物在從句中作定語
as 指人或物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
but 指人或物在從句中作主語,賓語或表語
注意:指物時(shí),whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which或 of which+the+名詞
2、as 的用法
(1)常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as
注意:the same…as 表示同一類,不同一個(gè)
the same…that 表示同一個(gè)
(2)as與which的區(qū)別
a、位置不同
as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中間;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起連接作用,表達(dá)說話人的觀點(diǎn)、看法,并指出主句內(nèi)容的根據(jù)或出處,意為“正如,正像”。
Which相當(dāng)于并列句,可以用and this來代替,意為“這一點(diǎn),這件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu):as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,
as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。
c、在從句中作主語時(shí),which既可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語,而as只可作系動(dòng)詞be的主語。
二、只用that不用which的情況
1、.先行詞為 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)
2、先行詞被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修飾時(shí).
3、 當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
4、 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
5、當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時(shí).
6、 當(dāng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。
7、如有兩個(gè)定語從句,其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞則宜用 that。
8、主句是There be結(jié)構(gòu),修飾其主語的定語從句宜用that 作關(guān)系代詞。
9、被修飾成分為表語,或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),該關(guān)系代詞宜用that。
10、先行詞為what,關(guān)系代詞用that。
11、有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)而使用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。
三、只用which不用that的情況
1、 當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)。
2、 在非限制性定語從句中。
3、 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)主句的概念時(shí)。
高考英語語法要點(diǎn)歸納
英語中,句子的謂語動(dòng)詞要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,即主謂一致。一般來說,主謂一致要遵循三個(gè)原則:語法一致原則,意義一致原則和就近原則。語法一致原則就是指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定;意義一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的意義而不是形式?jīng)Q定,即使主語的形式是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上是單數(shù)的話,謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式;就近原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的形式由靠近它的名詞的數(shù)決定。
一、以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1. 如果以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞表示的是學(xué)科或國(guó)家時(shí),句子的謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
Physics is such a difficult subject that I can’t understand it .
The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries .
2. 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞表示兩個(gè)對(duì)稱部分組成的事物,如 trousers,shoes,glasses,scissors 等,它們單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修飾時(shí),則謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother .
This kind of shoes is very popular this summer .
3. 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞如 goods (貨物),arms (武器),clothes (衣服),thanks (感謝)等只作復(fù)數(shù)用,作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
All the goods were shipped from America .
All the arms you want have been prepared .
4. 一些單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞如 means (方法),works (工廠),headquarters (總部)等作主語時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)單數(shù)意義,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義,則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如:
All the means have been tried to save the patient .
The quickest means of travel is by plane .
二、集體名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1. 只能作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞如 furniture (家具),machinery (機(jī)器),equipment (設(shè)備)等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory .
All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong .
2. 只能用作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞如 people,police,cattle (牲畜)等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
The working people are brave and great .
The police were searching the area for two thieves .
3. 還有一些既可以用作復(fù)數(shù)又可以用作單數(shù)的集體名詞,如 team,class,family,club,government,public 等作主語時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員,則謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
My family is a happy one .
All my family are fond of taking exercise .
三、由 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1. and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞若表示不同的概念,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,若表示同一事物或一個(gè)整體,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school .
The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school .
War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world .
2. 如果 and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞前有 each,every,no 等詞修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:
Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question .
No parent and child was late for the sports meeting .
四、數(shù)量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1. 表示具體數(shù)量的名詞詞組作主語強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book .
There are twenty dollars on the desk .
2. “分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) +of + 名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。如:
Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities .
Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river .
3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定,但“ none of+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)形式也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
All the leaders were present at the meeting .
None of your answers is / are right .
4. “ many a / more than one + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:
Many a student has passed this difficult exam .
5. “ a number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而“ the number of + 名詞”作主語時(shí)謂語用單數(shù)。如:
A number of boy students are football fans .
The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years .
6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,但“復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
This kind of men is dangerous .
高中英語語法知識(shí)考點(diǎn)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)大多用動(dòng)詞原形來表示。Be\have在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)按自己的變化規(guī)則與主語保持一致。其他動(dòng)詞若其主語是第三人稱單數(shù),則應(yīng)按動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)律變化。
(1)表示主語現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)及所具備的特征、性格、能力等。 Eg:They are both tired and hungry.
(2)表示習(xí)慣性的,反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作與狀態(tài)。
常用時(shí)間狀語:always often sometimes now and then every day
(3)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。
Eg:The earth moves around the sun.
(4)在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句表示將來的動(dòng)作。
Eg:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go climbing.
(5)表示按規(guī)定預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,只限于go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin等。
(6)在某些以have,there開頭的句子中,用動(dòng)詞go,come的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
Eg:Here comes the bus!
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的'動(dòng)作;
(2)表示即將發(fā)生的或按計(jì)劃安排好的動(dòng)作,多限于go,come,start,leave,return,arrive,stay,fly等表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的動(dòng)詞,句中往往有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。
(3)少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如go,come,leave,arrive,return,begin,do,die,lose等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
(4)表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
3.以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞:
以-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞用來描述人的精神狀態(tài)或人對(duì)事物的態(tài)度或感受;以-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞有“令人......的”意思,常用來指物。