高考英語各類題型的解題技巧
高考英語各類題型的解題技巧
俗話說:知己知彼,百戰(zhàn)百勝,想要英語拿高分,除了對基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握程度外,還要熟悉關(guān)于英語各類題型的解題技巧。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家提供關(guān)于高考英語各類題型的解題技巧,希望對大家有幫助!
英語各類題型的解題技巧一、聽力
一、學(xué)會預(yù)測 預(yù)測是在做聽力理解之前根據(jù)各種暗示,如所給答案選項(xiàng),段落或?qū)υ挊?biāo)題等已有知識,對即將聽到的段落或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。
1. 從答案選項(xiàng)中預(yù)測:
Q: What does Tom do?
A. He’s a truck driver. B. He’s a ship captain. C. He’s a pilot.
錄音原文: W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas . M: Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in. 從選項(xiàng)看,問題應(yīng)是關(guān)于職業(yè)方面的,再從flew, passengers, airport這些信息詞中可知道Tom的職業(yè)。
2. 從說話人口氣預(yù)測:
在A,B兩人的對話中,如果B是附和或贊成,往往說“Yes”,“I agree”,“Sure”,“I think so”等。但如A用否定句,B表同意時(shí)則用“No”,“Neither / Nor?”等。
例如: A: Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class. B: No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、做簡要筆記 聽錄音時(shí)快速,準(zhǔn)確,簡要地記下有關(guān)信息(包括數(shù)字,人名,地名,關(guān)鍵詞),前提是不要影響跟聽速度,采用自己習(xí)慣的符號。
例:How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A. B. C.
原文:W: Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, I’d like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 筆記可簡化為:$ 6 A(A代表adult),C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2)
三、聽清數(shù)據(jù),簡要記錄,加以運(yùn)算。
在獲取時(shí)間信息時(shí),不要誤把會話中提到的時(shí)間簡單確定為問題的答案。高考聽力考查時(shí)間時(shí)往往要進(jìn)行簡單的時(shí)間換算。
At what time does the train to Leeds leave?
A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00
錄音原文: W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, it's 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 對話中提到了三個(gè)時(shí)間It's 3 now, in 2 hours,in 15 minutes.
現(xiàn)在是3點(diǎn),開往Manchester的火車要兩小時(shí)后才開,即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若簡單機(jī)械地把3點(diǎn)和2點(diǎn)相加,會得出火車5點(diǎn)才開的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)C。
數(shù)字類問題分辨別類和計(jì)算類兩種:
1. 要注意區(qū)分-teen和-ty及four和five的發(fā)音;辨別多位數(shù),如電話號碼,門牌等
2. 計(jì)算時(shí)間,錢款,距離,年齡,人或物的數(shù)量等;聽出數(shù)字間的關(guān)系,更要聽清問題,因?yàn)閷\(yùn)算方法的要求通常寓于問題中;注意more, less, as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 記住時(shí)間是60進(jìn)制 如出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)數(shù)字,應(yīng)注意鑒別問的是那一個(gè)。
例:At what time does the office open?
A. At 8:15 B. At 8:30 C. At 7:45
從常識判斷,辦公時(shí)間往往以整點(diǎn)開始,而不會在幾點(diǎn)幾分。
聽力原文:M: I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.
四、抓住關(guān)鍵詞,對癥下藥
聽力考試常出現(xiàn)以Where提問的問句,考生要通過對話的具體情節(jié)和背景判斷對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。一般來說,特定 場景的用語和關(guān)鍵詞是基本固定的,考生要對此多了解,熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place?/ Where does sb. work? What’s his job?之類的問題時(shí),就會派上用場。
如: restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, soup hotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out) hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examine post office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcel airport: flight, take off, land, luggage railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping car store: on sale, size, wear, color, style, price, change,bargain, fit school: professor, exam, course, term, dining hall, playground library: librarian, renew, date, shelf, magazine, seat 對于前五道簡短對話,要根據(jù)問題的類型,從第二個(gè)講話者的答語中來捕捉關(guān)鍵詞
如:What’s the man going to do?
A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus.
根據(jù)選項(xiàng)看,對話似乎與bus有關(guān),主要信息捕捉范圍是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之間。聽音范圍明顯縮小。
原文M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leaves for the airport? W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it. 關(guān)鍵詞“run”和“catch”正好對上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。
五、較長對話和短文的理解 抓聽首句和首段有助于整體理解文章;結(jié)尾部分所給出的信息不一定是題目的正確答案,可能只是一個(gè)陷阱;推理思路要正確;語境中抓要點(diǎn)。 獨(dú)白部分(即第十段材料)可分為四種類型: *人物與故事型:敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和成就,要抓住故事發(fā)展線索,所問問題多屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 *普通知識型:內(nèi)容涉及面較廣,問題以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題居多 *社會科學(xué)型:涉及到文化教育,社會治安,代溝問題,就業(yè)問題,婦女問題,人口問題,環(huán)境保護(hù),國家發(fā)展等。問題常涉及獨(dú)白的主題或題目,故需作推理判 斷。 *科普知識型:主要涉及自然科學(xué),如生物,物理,海洋,計(jì)算機(jī),醫(yī)學(xué),氣象,科學(xué)發(fā)明等。如遇專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語,可利用語境線索猜詞義。
六、果斷選題,學(xué)會放棄 相信第一感覺,當(dāng)機(jī)立斷,決不能反反復(fù)復(fù),甚至影響后面的答題,切記不可因某個(gè)小題未聽懂而患得患失,不可因一題失多題,造成一步跟不上,步步皆踏空的結(jié) 果。 總之,只要掌握基本的聽力技巧和方法、排除一切干擾,全身心地投入語境、持之以恒地堅(jiān)持高考全真模擬聽力訓(xùn)練,高考中定能取得理想的成績。
英語各類題型的解題技巧二、完形填空
1. 依據(jù)上下文確定答案的法則:從近幾年的完形填空題看,近義詞或近義短語的測試力度逐漸加強(qiáng),并成為測試熱點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)不是詞義相近,要不就是近義動(dòng)詞的同 一種時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)象,或名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)搭配。若選項(xiàng)詞義差異很大,必然文章中藏有提示語,正因如此,往往第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)有時(shí)需要讀完全篇短文才能準(zhǔn)確回答。
2. 詞語語義與強(qiáng)于語法原則:完型填空題的首句不留空,目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素:地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物和事由。再則,單純語法題已基本退出該題型的測試范 疇,所以,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生時(shí),首先要告知他們這類現(xiàn)象。盡管四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞語都符合語法規(guī)則,然而該題的解答必須遵循先全面理解篇章語義,再結(jié)合正確語言結(jié)構(gòu)對每 個(gè)空格作出準(zhǔn)確無誤的抉擇。
3. 解題四步法原則:
第一步:跳讀。帶著空格通讀全文,了解短文大意,判別短文文體,同時(shí)能將會做的題及時(shí)解決掉。
第二步:選答。這一步最為關(guān)鍵,要求考生對每一道題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真推敲,但是要告誡他們?nèi)f萬不可按照題的順序答題,對那些不能拿不準(zhǔn)的題先跳過去,遵循先易后難的解題原則。
第三步:推敲。這實(shí)際上就是要求考生對完形填空短文的篇章作通盤考慮,把其中一些需要依據(jù)上下文語境來考慮的比較難解答的題,以及句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)較強(qiáng)的認(rèn)真推敲,甄別,篩選和抉擇。
第四步:復(fù)查。這是解答這類題的最后一步,要求考生解完題之后務(wù)必再把文章通讀一遍,從整體上準(zhǔn)確把握文章的真正意思,及時(shí)修改與全文有出入的一些選項(xiàng)。
英語各類題型的解題技巧三、短文改錯(cuò)
短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則:
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;
2. 謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài);
3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤;
8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則:改動(dòng)以最少為原則; 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則; 實(shí)詞以改變詞形為原則以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟:通讀全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲
反復(fù)通讀,復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng):
1.核對錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí),若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個(gè),缺詞1個(gè),錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。
2.核對改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。
3.核對答題符號是否規(guī)范,位置是否準(zhǔn)確,看看有無遺漏符號,忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤類型:
1. 謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;②and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致; ④缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞; ⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;⑥主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯(cuò)誤類型屬于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于③)
2. 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤:單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯(cuò)誤 連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if /whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式,改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折,but改為and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”,不能再跟but連用,所以去掉but)
4. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the,thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞,故have后加a)
5. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤:系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用 (形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞,terribly改為terrible.)
6. 代詞錯(cuò)誤:代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯(cuò)誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞的單數(shù) 和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改為myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)
7. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤:不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語;某些動(dòng)詞后 要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞,talk改為talking) But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語,應(yīng)改為going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語,read改為reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致,故saw改為seeing)
8. 介詞錯(cuò)誤:詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用 Thereare too many people among my family. (among改為in,in myfamily 為固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引導(dǎo)從句)