高中英語語法填空解題方法及訓(xùn)練
語法填空能全面檢測學(xué)生在英語詞匯、語法,甚至是句法上的運(yùn)用能力,能更科學(xué)地反映學(xué)生的英語綜合水平。下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給你帶來關(guān)于高中英語語法填空解題方法及訓(xùn)練,希望對你有幫助!
高中英語語法填空解題方法及訓(xùn)練一已給單詞提示題型的技巧
此類題可以考查學(xué)生對單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種,一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化,一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題,看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式,這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。
技巧一:名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。
例1:There are many students living at school,the(child)houses are all far from schoo1.
由students-詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù),且作為houses的定語,所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式,故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式—— 復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。
技巧二:動(dòng)詞形式變化。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多,有謂語的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣),有非謂語的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)。
例2:A talk——(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is是整句的謂語,所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語。從tomorrow可以看出,報(bào)告是“將來”作的,故用不定式;且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者,故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式——tn be given。
技巧三:代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類,即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化,如no one/none、other/another等。
例3:The king decided to see the painter by——(he).
由介詞bv可以看出,橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。
技巧四:形容詞、副詞比較級變化。英語中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級、比較級和最高級的變化。構(gòu)成比較級和最高級的方式,或通過加后綴一er和.est,或在詞前Imore/less和most/least,且形容詞的絕對最高級還要冠以the。
例4:I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五:數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞,或加后綴一teen、.ty的變化,甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,以及one/two的特殊變化形式。
例5:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)...
從上下文連續(xù)起來理解,這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃,大兒子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。
技巧六:詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語單詞中是很常見的,派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測學(xué)生對詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。
例6:Lious lost his wallet yesterday,SO he was very____(happiness).
在這道題中,學(xué)生很容易判斷出該用形容詞,由此可知將happinessJ~ .成詞根h印py;錢包丟了,人應(yīng)該是不開心的,所以要再加個(gè)前綴Hn.,就成了unhappy。
高中英語語法填空解題方法及訓(xùn)練二未給單詞提示題型的技巧
此類題難度較大,但也是有方法對付的。
技巧七:固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句中橫線前后及整句來判斷橫線前后是否構(gòu)成一個(gè)固定短語,但有時(shí)要對橫線前或后的幾個(gè)單詞“視而不見”才能命中答案。
例7:The children were playing on the ground,enjoying____,dirty but happy.
從句中的happy可以 猜出孩子們是開心的,所以應(yīng)用enj0y oneself短語,故其答案為themselves。
例8:His bosswas____angry astofire him.
如果“跳過”橫線后面的angry,就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這里用到一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)短語SO?as to,所以,so是正解。
技巧八:從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句是此題型最為常見的一個(gè)方向,主要檢測學(xué)生對引導(dǎo)詞的掌握程度。
例9:He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.
審題可知,橫線所在為賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,此引導(dǎo)詞在從旬中充當(dāng)賓語,且指物,所以是what。
例10:Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.
經(jīng)過觀察可以判斷橫線所在為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,進(jìn)一步觀察可知先行詞為those,且指人,所以只能填入who。
技巧九:短語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語,此類短語中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。
例11:The us consists____fifty states.
根據(jù)常識可知,美國由50個(gè)州組成,故橫線處與前一詞組合,表示“由? ?組成”,所以答案是of。
例12:Mrs Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask for
leave to take_____of her.
生病需要人照顧,所以答案是care,與前后詞構(gòu)成take care of。
技巧十:短語介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合起介詞作用的短語,如:except for,due to等。
例13:Mr Smithtook a planetoLondon____of taking a train.
此題中說到兩種交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思,故答案為instead,以構(gòu)成介詞短語instead of。
例14:Justthen,he saw a blackboard in_____ofhim.細(xì)心觀察,可以看出填人fr0nt即可構(gòu)成in front of,此題得解。
技巧十一:連詞、關(guān)聯(lián)短語結(jié)構(gòu)。常用的連詞有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的關(guān)聯(lián)短語有both……and,either……or,neither……nor,not only……but also等。
例15:Little Wang Jun could not go to school,_____his family was too poor.
此處表示原因,引導(dǎo)的分句其實(shí)是一種解釋說明,不是必然的因果關(guān)系,且前面有逗號隔開,所以填for。
例16:____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
橫線處的詞與后面可以構(gòu)成both?and,故答案為Both。
技巧十二:冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a,an,the之間判斷;常用的介詞有in,at,on,before,during等,通??疾楣潭ù钆?副詞的量還是比較多,如:however,never,yet,much等,但一般不會考查.1y形式的方式副詞(見技巧六——形容詞派生副詞的情況)。
例17:Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.
這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法,答案為a,構(gòu)成at a high speed,“以高速”開車。
例18:Old Tom’s grand·daughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介詞in,而用on才是正解。
例19:Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did,hegotalowerpay______Zhang Wen.
第一條橫線可由前面的the same斷出用as,第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義,故答案為than。
例20:It was only one day left,_____,his father had no idea to answer him.
觀察上下旬,可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,且橫線與前后用逗號隔開,排除but,所以答案是however。
技巧十三:上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的,但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識,填入某個(gè)已出現(xiàn)的詞,或其反義詞,或其同類的某個(gè)詞。答案的線索可能在本句,可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句,還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方——上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)?a href='http://www.athomedrugdetox.com/juzii/' target='_blank'>句子。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句,則線索可能在上下段的首句;如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句,則線索可能在上下段的末句,以此類推。
例21:Tony____travelling abroad,but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句話中的dislikes可以判斷,此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes。
語法填空作為一種新穎的題型,能全面地考查學(xué)生的英語綜合應(yīng)用能力。上述十三條技巧概括了此題型的多數(shù)考查方向,在高考備考復(fù)習(xí)中能起到很好的加強(qiáng)作用,真正做到事半功倍,較大地提高學(xué)生在此題型上的得分率。
高中英語語法填空解題方法及訓(xùn)練例題
一
Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure.
It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.
In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.
答案:
31. Surprising 32.remained 33. until/till 34. necessity 35. the
36. Otherwise 37. her 38. in 39. way/means 40. arranged
二
In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________ spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.
There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. _______37_______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the languang. “Learn through use” is a good piece of _____38______(advise) for those ______39______are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and ____40____(write) the language whenever we can.
答案:
31.it 32. Thirdly 33. in 34. A 35. to memorize
36. their 37. If 38. advice 39. who 40. writing