關系詞

先行詞

從句成分

例句

備注

關系代 詞

who

人

主語

Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that

whom

人

賓語

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

whose

人或物

定語

I like those books whose topics are about history.

The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.

that

人或物

主語，賓語

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

which

物

主語，賓語

The book (which) I gave you was worth .

The picture which was about the accident was terrible.

as

人或物

主語，賓語

He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

as做賓語一般不省略

關系副 詞

when

時間

時間狀語

I will never forget the day when we met there.

可用on which

where

地點

地點狀語

This is the house where I was born.

可用in which

why

原因

原因狀語

I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.

可用for which

情況

用法說明

例句

只用that的情況

1.先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時

2.先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時

3.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時

4.先行詞既指人又指物時

5.先行詞被the only, the very修飾時

6.句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時

1.He told me everything that he knows.

2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

5.He is the only man that I want to see.

6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom的情況

1.在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

2.在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

3.先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。

1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

從句

區(qū)別

例句

限制性

定語從句中

名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用which

He is not such a fool as he looks.

Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.

非限制性

定語從句中

as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。

They won the game, as we had expected.

They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.

As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

the same... as和

the same ...that

the same... as指同類事物

the same ...that 指原物

That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同類工具，不是同一把）

That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過的工具。

1

修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構成的復合不定代詞時

nobody absent, everything possible

2

以-able, -ible結尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后

the best book available, the only solution possible

3

alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語時后置

the only person awake

4

和空間、時間、單位連用時

a bridge 50 meters long

5

成對的形容詞可以后置

a huge room simple and beautiful

6

形容詞短語一般后置

a man difficult to get on with

7

enough修飾名詞時可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時要后置

______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a

lot of useful skills.(NMET2000)

A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students

C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave

1

指一類人或事，相當于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

2

第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.有個男孩在等你。

3

表示“每一”相當于every，one

We study eight hours a day.

4

表示“相同”相當于the same

We are nearly of an age.

5

用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質的人或事

— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

A. 不填B. aC. theD. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒）

6

用于固定詞組中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

7

用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后

This room is rather a big one.

8

用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9

用于抽象名詞具體化的名詞前

success(抽象名詞)→a success(具體化) 成功的人或事

a failure 失敗的人或事a shame帶來恥辱的人或事

a pity可惜或遺憾的事a must 必需必備的事

a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知識