八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法解析
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法解析
語法是語言詞與句構(gòu)成規(guī)律的總結(jié)。它是學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的基礎(chǔ),那么八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法你都掌握了嗎?接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法解析，一起來看看吧。
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法概念講解
Direct speech直接引語 | Reported speech直接引語 |
I am mad at Marcia. 我生馬西婭的氣了。 | She said she was mad at Marcia. 她說她生馬西婭的氣了。 |
I am having a party for Lana. 我正為拉娜舉行聚會(huì)。 | She said she was having a party for Lana. 她說她為拉娜舉行了聚會(huì)。 |
I go to the beach every Saturday. 我每星期六去海灘。 | He said he went to the beach every Saturday. 他說他每星期六去海灘。 |
I will call you tomorrow. 明天我將給你打電話。 | He told me he would call me tomorrow the next day. 他告訴我他明天將給我打電話。 |
I can speak three languages. 我會(huì)講三種語言。 | She said she could speak three languages. 他說他會(huì)講三種語言。 |
以上方框中的句子講述的是一個(gè)新的語法：直接引語和直接引語(Direct speech and Reported speech)。
1. 定義：
(1)直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語。(直接引語一般前后要加引號(hào))
Mr. Black said, "I'm busy." 布萊克先生說：“我很忙”。
(2)用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。(間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句，不用引號(hào))
Mr. Black said that he was busy. 布萊克先生說他很忙。
2. 直接引語變間接引語在以下幾方面發(fā)生變化：
直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌宰兂砷g接引語時(shí)所用的連詞要調(diào)整。
(1)直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時(shí)要用連詞that引導(dǎo)，連詞that也可省略。
Tom said, "We are listening to the pop music."
→Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
(2)直接引語是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)要用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)。從句再改成陳述句語序，時(shí)態(tài)隨主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為said時(shí)，要改為asked. 沒有間接引語時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(me, him或us等)。
"Do you know where she lives?" he asked.
→He asked if / whether I knew where she lived.
(3)直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)用相應(yīng)的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，從句要改成陳述句語序，時(shí)態(tài)隨主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化。如：who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where等。
"What can I do for you?' he asked me.
→He asked (me) what he could do for you .
(4)直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等動(dòng)詞，其句型為：tell / ask / order sb. to do sth.的形式。若原句是否定句，變成間接引語時(shí)在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not，即tell / ask / order sb. not to do sth.的形式。
"Stop making so much noise, children." he said.
→He asked the children to stop making so much noise.
"Don't tell him the news." she said.
→She told me not to tell him the news
(5)直接引語是客觀事實(shí)、永恒真理，變成間接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west."
→The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
總結(jié)：直接引語變直接引語的方法如下：
人稱變化跟句意(一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新)
所用時(shí)態(tài)看主句(主現(xiàn)在，從隨意，主過去，從過去)(注意：當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)述客觀真理時(shí)，無論主句用何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
陳述語序要牢記
引導(dǎo)詞看句式(陳述句用that, 一般疑問句用if或whether, 特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞，祈使句動(dòng)詞變to do)
3. 在間接引語中要根據(jù)意思將直接引語中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的詞作相應(yīng)的改變。
(1)人稱的變化：
Direct speech直接引語 → Reported speech間接引語
I am mad at Marcia. → She said she was mad at Marcia.
I like English. → He said he liked English.
We are having a class. → They said they were having a class
He can speak English. → Lucy said he could speak English.
I will go shopping after school. → She told me she would go shopping after school.
直接引語 | 間接引語 | |
人稱 | I we | he或she they |
(2)時(shí)態(tài)的變化：
主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面作相應(yīng)的變化。(如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無須變化。)
直接引語 Direct speech | 間接引語 Reported speech |
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) | 一般過去時(shí) |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) | 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) |
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) | 過去完成時(shí) |
一般過去時(shí) | 過去完成時(shí) |
一般將來時(shí) | 過去將來時(shí) |
(3)指示代詞、地點(diǎn)狀語、動(dòng)詞和時(shí)間狀語的變化：
指示代詞 | this these | that those |
地點(diǎn)狀語 | here | there |
動(dòng)詞 | come bring must will / may / can | go take had to would / might/could |
時(shí) 間 狀 語 | now | then |
today | that day | |
tonight | that night | |
yesterday | the day before | |
tomorrow | the next (following) day | |
last month (week), etc | the month (week, etc.) before | |
next month (week, etc.) | the next (following) month (week, etc.) | |
four months (week, etc.) ago | four months (weeks, etc.) before | |
the day after tomorrow | two days late (in two days time) | |
the day before yesterday | two days before |
注：直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時(shí)的變化根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。假如就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等就不需改變;如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here也不必改為there, come 也不必改為 go.
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法習(xí)題
?、? 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1) "You can do better." My math teacher said to me. (變?yōu)殚g接引語)
My math teacher told me ____ ____ ____ better.
(2) She said she didn't want to watch TV. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)
___________ _________ she ___________?
(3) "Are you interested in this?" he said.
He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.
(4) He said to me, "I will call you tomorrow." (改為間接引語)
(5) "What are you doing these days?" he asked. (改為間接引語)
(6) "Don't tell him the news." she said. (改為間接引語)
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news
(7) Dave said he would have noodles for breakfast. (變?yōu)橹苯右Z)
Dave said, "____ ____ ____ noodles for breakfast."
以上(1)(4)小題直接引語的從句是陳述句直接用連詞that引導(dǎo)即可，不過人稱與時(shí)態(tài)和時(shí)間狀語要做相應(yīng)的變化;(2)小題則是對(duì)從句的提問，關(guān)鍵要把握好時(shí)態(tài)，看劃線提問要提問什么即可;(3)題和(5)題直接引語的從句分別是一般疑問句和特殊疑問句在變成間接引語時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞分別是if / whether和相應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞，語序要變成陳述句的語序;(6)小題則是祈使句的否定形式，變成間接引語時(shí)在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not，即tell / ask / order sb. not to do sth.的形式;(7)小題要考察學(xué)生的逆向思維由間接引語變成直接引語，也要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語的變化。
Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇
(1) Linda said that they ____ an English evening party the next day.
A. would have B. will have C. are having D. was having
(2) She said she ____ three languages.
A. could say B. could speak C. can say D. could talk
(3) The teacher said the earth ____ round the sun.
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
(4) Can you tell me ____?
A. where they are B. where are they
C. where they were now D. where were they now
(5) He said that he ____ at 5:00 pm tomorrow.
A. will come B. comes C. came D. would come
以上(1)(2)(3)(5)幾個(gè)小題均按照直接引語變間接引語的方法去做便可，但第(4)小題要注意的是當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需發(fā)生變化，即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)就行。
?、?漢譯英
(1) 她告訴我她正為Lana舉辦一個(gè)驚奇的聚會(huì)。
She told me she ________ a surprise party for Lana.
(2) 這個(gè)女孩說：“周六我可以帶些飲料和零食。”
The girl said, "I ____ ____ some drinks and snacks on Saturday."
(3) 吉姆問瑪麗他們是否是朋友。
Jim asked Mary ___ they ____ friends.
(4) 老師告訴我們不要在馬路上玩。
The teacher told us ___________ on the road.
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語Unit4語法習(xí)題答案
句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
(1) I could do (2) What did; say (3) asked if / whether; that (4) He asked you could call me the next day. (5) He asked uswhat you were doing those days? (6) not to tell (7) I will have
單項(xiàng)選擇：
(1) A (2) B (3) B (4) A (5) D
漢譯英：
(1) was having (2) can bring (3) if were (4) not to play
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