英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn),一起來(lái)看看吧。
英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)
①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
?、诜穸ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
③一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
?、芴厥庖蓡?wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句(have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞)
二. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已經(jīng)郵寄出了照片。
與此種用法連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一些模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如already(肯定句), yet(否定句/疑問(wèn)句), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。
He has lived here since 1978.
自從1978年以來(lái),他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)
此種用法常與for(+時(shí)間段),since(+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過(guò)去時(shí)的句子)連用。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
有些瞬間動(dòng)詞可變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動(dòng)詞:
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
三. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見考法
對(duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查,多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的能力。在考試中,會(huì)讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),或者是考查“瞬間動(dòng)詞”不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用”這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
【典型例題】
His father_____the party since 1978
A.joind
B.has joined
C.was in
D.has been in
答案:D
解析:本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的熟練掌握。 since 1978表達(dá)“自從1978年一直到現(xiàn)在”,表示這件事情從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而且動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,A、B均為瞬間動(dòng)詞,不能與時(shí)間段連用,故排除;C為一般過(guò)去時(shí),也不行。
四. 比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 共同點(diǎn):
動(dòng)作都是在過(guò)去完成。
I saw the film yesterday evening.
I have seen the film before.
(看電影這件事都是在過(guò)去完成的。)
2. 區(qū)別:
?、佻F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系,只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去。
?、谝话氵^(guò)去時(shí)通常與具體明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday, last week , two years ago,just now,in 2002 等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等模糊的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和 these days ,this week ,since..., for... 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
【典型例題】
—______ you your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished
B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished
答案:B
解析:本題考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。問(wèn)句中的yet表明應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而回答中的a moment ago 是一個(gè)明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
五. 過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則
1. 規(guī)則變化:動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化相同。
?、?一般情況下,在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked
visit---visited---visited
?、?以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,只在詞尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived
?、?以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ,再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied
cry---cried---cried
?、?重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,先雙寫該輔音字母,再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped
drop---dropped--dropped
英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志詞
already
用在肯定句中(be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前)常與yet進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:I have already finished the work.我已經(jīng)完成這項(xiàng)工作了。 改為否定句:I haven't finished the work yet.我還沒有完成這項(xiàng)工作。改為一般疑問(wèn)句:Have you finished the work yet.
yet
放在否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句句末。
just, before, recently,still, lately,never,ever,twice, on several occasion,in the past/last few days/weeks/months/years,(up to)these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year(多用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)), up to present, so far,up to now,up till now,till now。
since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)=for+時(shí)間段since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句=since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)+ago
since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:He has been here since he joined the army。自從他參軍以來(lái),他一直在這兒。
英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)及答案
1. —______ my glasses?
—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen
分析:D?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響:?jiǎn)栐捜说哪康氖窍胫姥坨R在哪里。又如:
—Have you waited long? 你等了很久嗎?
—No, I just arrived five minutes ago. 沒等多久,我剛到五分鐘。
2. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
分析:A。由 recently 和 by now 可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。又如:
I’ve been on rather too many planes and trains recently. 近來(lái)我乘飛機(jī)和火車次數(shù)太多了。
We haven’t seen enough of Ray and Barbara recently. 近來(lái), 我們沒怎么看見雷和巴巴拉。
3. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
分析:D。到目前為止成為朋友八年,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí); 在那次晚會(huì)相識(shí)成為朋友之前已經(jīng)見過(guò)幾次面,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。又如:
I have had this car for ten years. 這輛車我已經(jīng)買了十年了。
I haven’t seen Tom for two years. 我已經(jīng)有兩年沒見到湯姆了。
I’ve lived in Central London for six years now, so I’m used to the noise. 到目前為止,我已在倫敦中區(qū)住了6年,已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于那里的喧鬧聲了。
4. —How long ______ David and Vicky ______ married?
—For about four years.
A. were; being B. have; got C. have; been D. did; get
分析:C。由 For about four years 可知,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除 A 和 D; 與時(shí)間段連用,不可用 get married, 要用 be married。又如:
I’ve worn glasses for ten years. 我戴眼鏡已經(jīng)十年了。
The Kenways have lived here for five years. 肯威家在這兒已經(jīng)住了5年了。
5. How can you possibly miss the news? It ______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
分析:A。信息句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),根據(jù)后句中all day long判斷,這顯然是強(qiáng)調(diào)播放新聞對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,故選現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。又如:
We have waited all day. 我們等了整整一天了。
I haven’t seen her all day. 我一整天都沒看見她。
I’ve had a headache all day. 我整天都感到頭痛。
6. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book______50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached
分析:A。因?yàn)閠hat is意為“換句話說(shuō),即 (=in other words, which means)”,而前句中的謂語(yǔ)has set是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),后一句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),排除C和D; 又因主語(yǔ)the sales是復(fù)數(shù),選出正確答案A。
7. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ______ increased enormously ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
分析:C。因?yàn)閑ver since的意思是“從那時(shí)(1945年)起一直到現(xiàn)在”,表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have /has+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,所以選C。
8. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science ______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
分析:B。由表示對(duì)照的Years ago和recent可知,“以前不知”,但“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)證明了”,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I ______ before.
A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had
分析:C。與before連用,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。再說(shuō),此處沒有一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間或動(dòng)作比較,是不能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的。
10. My brother is an actor. He ______in several film so far.
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
分析:C。因so far(到目前為止)通常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
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