高考英語語法填空知識(shí)點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在的新題型——語法填空，將10個(gè)空格放在一篇完整的文章里，通過在文章中挖空的形式，對(duì)考生的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查。接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了高考英語語法填空知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來看看吧。
高考英語語法填空知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、無提示詞
1.缺少主語
如果 +v. ,應(yīng)首先考慮代詞。
可填(1)人稱代詞： he，she，they，it等
(2)關(guān)系代詞：在定語從句中作主語的有that，which，who等。
【2016資陽市高三第二次診斷】It is always the firefighters which\that take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by risking their own.
(3)連接代詞:名詞性從句中作主語的引導(dǎo)詞有what,whoever等。
【2012湖南】_ What_ is important is that we let others know we care about them.
(4)形式主語it：如果作主語的是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句，要填形式主語it。
【2016鄭州高三質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)】Tu Youyou was modest about receiving the award: “It’s a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks it is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.
【2016濰坊一調(diào)】 It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
★注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句
【德州市2016屆高三期末統(tǒng)考】 It is the reality TV show that gives them a sense of being a star 。
2.缺少賓語
v./prep. +
(1)填人稱代詞：如 him，her，them，it等。
(2)填名詞性物主代詞 mine,hers等
【2016濰坊一調(diào)】“Oh, dear! It's __mine__.” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.
(3)填關(guān)系代詞：如that,whom等。
【廣東省惠州市2016屆高三上學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研】At the end of 2014, China had a population of 1.37 billion people, a total of 800 million of _whom___ are employed.
whom在從句中做介詞的賓語
3. 缺少限定詞， +名詞/代詞，
限定詞包括冠詞(a，an，the)、形容詞性物主代詞(my，your，its，his等)、關(guān)系詞(whose，which等)、不定代詞(no，some，any，each，every， many，several等)
【安徽省“皖南八校”2016屆高三第二次聯(lián)考】In the middle of April, if you walk through Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan province, chances are that you'll get very, very wet.
【2016惠州市三調(diào)】In 2013, the government permitted other families to have two if one parent was ___an__ only child.
4.填介詞,固定搭配 如provide sb with sth. Refuse to do
5.單詞短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞，可填and或or
【2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】 But the river wasn't changed in a few days __or__ even a few months.
6.若兩句之間沒有連詞，也沒有句號(hào)，填連詞，例如and，but，or，so等
【2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ】There were many people waiting at the bus stop，___and___ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
前后分句為并列關(guān)系，故用and。
7. 若句子完整，空特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)主謂不一致時(shí)，很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或do,have及其正確形式
【2014·高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】Then the driver stood up and asked，“__Did_____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
高考英語語法填空知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、有提示詞
1.給出動(dòng)詞原形，一般會(huì)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).看主語與謂語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，以確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，同時(shí)還要根據(jù)語境考慮用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。
(1)作謂語(主動(dòng)、被動(dòng))
【2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】It was raining lightly when I __arrived____(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
【2014·高考遼寧卷】Be patient! Tai Chi _is called_____(call)“shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well as strong.
(2)非謂語
【2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ____to cool__ (cool) the house during the hot day;at the same time，they warm up again for the night.
(2)句子不缺成分，作后(前)置定語
【2015全國(guó)課標(biāo)II】The adobe dwellings _built______(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
2.給出名詞,一般考查詞性及其單復(fù)數(shù)形式變化。具體變化形式可參考《選修7》附錄Grammer第一節(jié)
(1)名詞詞性變化，有時(shí)涉及單復(fù)數(shù)
【2016屆河北省保定市高三期末調(diào)研】Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their survival (survive).
【廣東省惠州市2016屆高三上學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研】With the two-child policy, the labor ___shortage___ (short) will be relieved, starting in 20 years.
(2)單復(fù)數(shù)變化
【四川省資陽市2016屆高三上學(xué)期第二次診斷】
Whenever and wherever disasters (disaster) happen — 9/11 Attacks in New York 14 years ago
3.給出形容詞，一般涉及詞性變化具體變化形式可參考《選修7》附錄Grammer第一節(jié)
【2016屆河北省保定市高三期末調(diào)研】 Normally (normal), they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight。
高考英語語法填空例題
Although it could not compete with the speed of email today, the 1800’s experienced a revolution in communication that played an important role increating the tradition of the Christmas greeting card. ____16____(help) by the new railway system,the public postal service made corresponding a popular past time. In England,Sir Henry Cole recognized the advantage of ___17____ more efficient mailservice and initiated (開始) the practice of sending Christmas greeting cards __18_____friends.
The first card ___19___ (design) by J.C.Horsley as a commercial endeavor. One thousand copies were sold in London, ____20____ soonothers followed suit. An English____21____(art), William Egley, produced a popular card in 1849. Louis Prang, a German born printer, working from ___22____ shop in Massachusetts, printed his first Americancards in 1875. Even more ____23____ (importance) than his printing was the fact____24____ he did more than anyone else to popularize the cards by in stituting nationwide contests for the best Christmas designs, __25______ were awarded cash prizes.
【參考答案】
16. Helped 17. a 18. to 19. was designed 20. and
21. artist 22. his 23. important 24. that 25. which
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