英語必修4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ),英語必修四都學(xué)習(xí)了哪些語法了呢?接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語必修4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn),一起來看看吧。
英語必修4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語
●動(dòng)詞-ing形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語,又可作介詞的賓語。
1. 以下動(dòng)詞或短語只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語:
admit, avoid,appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等動(dòng)詞; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, thinkof, set about, dream of 等短語。
2. 在下列短語中,to是介詞,后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語:
be / get used to,look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。
3. 下列動(dòng)詞或短語既可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,也可以跟不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別:
● like, love, prefer如表示經(jīng)常性的行為后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式;如表示具體的行為常用動(dòng)詞不定式,但要注意:如果like, love, prefer前有would,后面則接動(dòng)詞不定式。如:Would you like to go shopping with me?
●下列幾組詞接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語和不定式作賓語含義不同:
forget doing 忘記已做過某事;
forget to do 忘記要做某事
remember doing 記得做過某事;
remember to do 記住要做某事
mean doing 意思是,意味著;
mean to do 打算做
regret doing 后悔做過某事;
regret todo 遺憾要做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做;
can’t help(to) do 不能幫忙做。
●在allow, permit, advise等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,如果這些詞后面有名詞或代詞作賓語,其后要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
We don’t allowsmoking in the classroom.
We don’t allowstudents to smoke.
●動(dòng)詞need, require, want作“需要”解時(shí),其后用動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語,這時(shí)動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
Your coat wantswashing.
= Your coat wants to be washed.
英語必修4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語
1. 表示主語的內(nèi)容 ,可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語
Her job is keepingthe lecture hall as clean as possible.
(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。
2. 表示主語具有的特征、性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)(動(dòng)詞ing 相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞)
The problem is quite puzzling.
這個(gè)問題很令困惑。
3.常用來作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing,boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示:動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí),其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語,但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。
What worries memost is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的邏輯主語是her)
英語必修4語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語
1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語,一般具有兩種含義。
?、僬f明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。
a reading room = aroom which is used for reading 閱覽室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method=a method for working 工作方法
?、诒硎舅揎椀娜嘶蛭锏膭?dòng)作或狀態(tài),在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句,可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。
developingcountries = countries that are developing發(fā)展中國(guó)家
anordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子
a puzzling problem= a problem that puzzles somebody 困擾人的問題
2 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語,則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,做后置定語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
They lived in ahouse facing south.(=which is facing south) 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know theboy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket)你認(rèn)識(shí)在打籃球的那個(gè)男孩嗎?
The man visitingJapan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle
正在訪問日本的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。
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