英語必修一語法知識點
英語教學(xué)的最終目的就是要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生與外界交流信息、表達思想的能力。語法是一個非常重要的工具,它可以幫助人們理解和運用語言。接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語必修一語法知識點,一起來看看吧。
英語必修一語法知識點:直接引語和間接引語
概念:直接引語:直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號。
間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語從句且不要加引號。
例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
Mr.Black said that he was busy.
陳述句的變化規(guī)則
直接引語如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo),從句中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。
人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
時態(tài)的變化
直接引語 | 間接引語 |
一般現(xiàn)在時 | 一般過去時 |
現(xiàn)在進行時 | 過去進行時 |
現(xiàn)在完成時 | 過去完成時 |
一般過去時 | 過去完成時 |
一般將來時 | 過去將來時 |
過去完成時 | 過去完成時 |
例:
“I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意:如果直接引語是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變,如:
He said, “Light travels much faster thansound.”
He said that light travels much faster thansound.
指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
直接引語 | 間接引語 |
this | that |
these | those |
now | then |
ago | before/earlier |
today | that day |
yesterday | the day before |
tomorrow | the next/following day |
the day after tomorrow | In two day’s time |
come | go |
here | there |
the day before yesterday | two days before/earlier |
英語必修一語法知識點:定語從句
概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。
成分:先行詞,即被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語從句之間,起著連接主從句的作用。
1.關(guān)系代詞that的用法
關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主語,也能做賓語
例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主語)
2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(指物,作賓語)
3)Who is the man that is reading a book overthere? (指人,作主語)
4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’ssister,(指人,作賓語)
2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法
關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中只能指物,但既可以做賓語也能作主語
例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t needmuch water. (作主語)
2)The fish (which) we bought this morningwere not fresh. (作賓語)
3. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom的用法
關(guān)系代詞who,whom只能指人,在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語
例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday isfrom USA.(作主語)
2)The person to whom you just talked to isMr. Li. (作賓語)、
4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法
關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語從句中既可以做主語也可以做賓語。
例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld. (指人,作主語)
2) The roomwhose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主語)
3)He has written a book whose name I’veforgotten. (指物,作賓語)
5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法
關(guān)系副詞when在定語從句中作時間狀語
例:1)I’ll neverforget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=onwhich) we first met three years ago?
6.關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中做地點狀語
例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) wefirst met.
2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7.關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞why在定語從句中作原因狀語
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t thereason why(= for which) I left.
2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed thetrain.
英語必修一語法知識點:變化規(guī)則
(一)祈使句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。例:
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(二)疑問句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語是疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時要把疑問句語序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序,句末用句號。
一般疑問句:如果直接引語是一般疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,謂語動詞是say或said時,要改為ask 或asked,原問句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become ourfriend.
2) 特殊疑問句:如果間接引語是特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,仍用原來的引導(dǎo)詞,但疑問句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍?。例?/p>
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
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