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　　八下英語(yǔ)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

　　一.詢問(wèn)某人患了何種疾病或遇到什么麻煩時(shí)，常用以下句型：

　　1.What’s the matter (with sb)? 2. What’s the trouble / problem(with sb)?

　　3.What’s wrong (with sb)? 你怎么了? 4. What’s one’s trouble / problem ?

　　5.What’s up ? 6. What happened to sb ?

　　7.Are you OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ?

　　二.表達(dá)身體不適或疼痛時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名稱：have a cold / fever / cough / temperature

　　2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身體部位：have a sore throat / back

　　3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身體部位—ache have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache

　　4.Sb + hurt(s) +身體部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg . 或 身體部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .

　　5.There is something wrong with one’s +身體部位。

　　6.Sb +have /has a pain in one’s +身體部位

　　三.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should / should’t 的用法：意為’應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)’ 后接動(dòng)詞原形，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。通常表示提出意見(jiàn)或建議，或義務(wù)和責(zé)任，還可表示命令責(zé)備或要求等語(yǔ)氣;

　　1. You should lie down and rest . 2.You should’t eat so much next time . 3. What should I do ?

　　4. Should I put some medicine on it ? ----Yes ,you should ./ No, you should’ t. Section A

　　1.sore adj. 疼痛的 可作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore .

　　2.back n. 后面，背面 He sat at the back of the classroom. adv . 回 (原處) come back

　　3. lie 躺，臥---lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下 撒謊 ---lied.lied .lying You are lying to me .

　　n. 謊言假話 tell a lie / lies lay .---laid .laid. laying 產(chǎn)卵 下蛋 放置

　　4. rest 休息 v./n. You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下

　　5. to one ‘s surprise 使某人驚訝的是 常作插入語(yǔ)，位于句首 To his surprise,she failed the exam .

　　in surprise 吃驚地 surprising ----物 What surprising news !

　　Surprised---- 人be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that…

　　6. much too+ 形容詞， 太...... ， too many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，太多……

　　too much+不可數(shù)名詞，太多…也可做副詞 talk too much

　　7. enough形容、副詞,足夠的/地，(1) enough +名詞; enough water (2) 形副+ enough ; good enough

　　8. sound like+名詞代詞和從句：聽(tīng)起來(lái)像 It sounds like you don’t know the truth.. It sounds like a good idea. Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容詞 聽(tīng)起來(lái)... eg. The music sounds nice.

　　9. need (1).需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 人作主語(yǔ) need+sth，需要某物; need (sb)to do sth.需要做某事，

　　(2). 物作主語(yǔ);sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.

　　(3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句 Need I stay here ?---Yes, you must . /No, you need’t.

　　10. agree 同意，贊同---disagree(反義詞) agree with sb. 同意某人 agree to do. 同意做某事

　　11. right away =right now =at once，意為 馬上 。

　　12. advice(不可數(shù))建議,意見(jiàn) a piece of advice 一條建議 give sb. advice on sth./ take one’s advice

　　advise [動(dòng)詞] advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advise doing sth.建議做某事

　　13. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞，使……疼痛，……受傷，He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings.

　　不及物動(dòng)詞，……(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.

　　14. hit ---hit(過(guò)去式)(用手或器具)打;擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.

　　hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打較硬的部位;

　　hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打較軟的部位。

　　當(dāng)名詞用時(shí);get hit on the head 頭部受到撞擊

　　15. see sb doing sth 看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事 I saw a boy playing football near my home.

　　See sb do sth 看見(jiàn)某人做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)全過(guò)程) We saw him cross the road.

　　16.shout to sb向某人喊話 shout at sb 沖某人叫喊(貶義) shout for help 大聲呼救

　　17. expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事。

　　18.think about(+doing)考慮 think of 想起，認(rèn)為 think over 仔細(xì)考慮 think up 想出

　　19.fall down(+from)摔倒，跌倒 fall behind 落后，跟不上 fall into落入… fall asleep 入睡

　　Fall in love with 愛(ài)上… fall off… 從……跌落下來(lái)

　　20.反身代詞myself./ yourself / himself / herself / itself / ourselves /yourselves / themselves

　　作同位語(yǔ);Did you make the cake yourself ? 做表語(yǔ) I’m not myself today .

　　enjoy oneself help oneself to… by oneself hurt/ cut oneself teach oneself=learn sth by oneself

　　21.trouble (不可數(shù));苦惱，問(wèn)題 be in trouble 處于困境 get into trouble陷入困境 make trouble 制造麻煩 have trouble / difficulties / problems (in) doing sth做......有麻煩 做某事有困難

　　22.put …… on sth 在某物上放…… put some medicine on the cut (傷口) put a bandage on it 在它上面放繃帶

　　23. in the same way 以同樣的方式 on the way to 在去……的路上 in the way 擋路

　　out of the way 不再礙事 by the way 順便說(shuō)一下 in this way 用這種方法 in a way 在某種程度上

　　24.get an X-ray 拍X 光片 take one’s temperature 量體溫 hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶 see a dentist 看牙醫(yī) go to a doctor =go to see a doctor = go to the doctor’s 看醫(yī)生 get off 下車---get on 上車 all weekend 整個(gè)周末 away from 遠(yuǎn)離

　　for too long 太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 on the side of the road 在馬路邊 without thinking twice 沒(méi)多想

　　get sunburned 被曬傷 have a heart problem有心臟病 feel very hot 感到很熱

　　thanks to 多虧,由于(=because of =with the help of) have a nosebleed 流鼻血

　　cut his knee 割傷他的膝蓋 put her head back 把她的頭向后仰 save a life 挽救生命

　　in time 及時(shí) on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí) do the right thing 做正確的事 go mountain climbing 去爬山Section B

　　1.sick adj.① 生病的，有病的。作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ) 。ill只能作表語(yǔ) be /feel sick =be ill ②惡心的 I feel a little sick. ③ 厭倦的 be sick of I’m sick of running .

　　2. be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于…適應(yīng)做某事…(be = get = become) He is used to getting up early .

　　be used to do sth = be used for sth /doing被用于做某事 Wood is used to make houses .

　　Used to do sth 過(guò)去常做某事 He used to go to work by bus .

　　3. take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn) the risk of sth /doing……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) at risk 在危險(xiǎn)中 risk to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事

　　4. in a very dangerous situation 在一種非常危險(xiǎn)的情況下

　　5. sth. run out 某物用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.

　　6.blood 血，不可數(shù)。a drop of blood 一滴血 -----bloody 有血的，出血的 get out of 離開(kāi)， 從…出來(lái)

　　7.mean---meant 動(dòng)詞 ①意思是 mean doing sth 意味著做某事 ②打算 mean to do sth I mean to go tomorrow.

　　meaning 名詞，含義 意思。 mean 形容詞：小氣的，吝嗇的

　　What do you mean by the word ?= What does the word mean ?= What is the meaning of the word ?

　　8.the importance of (doing) sth 做某事的重要性 Do you understand the importance of studying hard ?

　　important ---unimportant (不)重要的

　　9. free 形容詞：空閑的 free time;免費(fèi)的 The drink is for free;自由的 I want to become a free bird.

　　free【動(dòng)詞】使……解脫，得到自由：He could not free his arm.

　　10. make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth = make up one’s ming to do sth =determine to do sth 下決心做某事

　　11. be in control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in control of this new school.

　　be out of control 無(wú)法控制，無(wú)法管理 under control 在控制之下

　　12. death 名詞(不)---die 動(dòng)詞----dead 形容詞---dying 形容詞 ：垂死的，臨終的

　　He is afraid of death . She died two years ago . The dog is dead . It is a dying bird.

　　13. give up (doing) sth. 放棄(做)某事，give up (playing) computer games / Never give up easily.

　　14.so that 以便，為的是 (當(dāng)主句與從句主語(yǔ)一致是= in order to =so as to )

　　He worked hard so that he could succeed. = …… in order to / so as to …….

　　15. be interested in = take an interest in 對(duì)…感興趣

　　16. keep on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事，重復(fù)做…(有間隔) keep doing sth (無(wú)間斷)

　　Keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

　　17. cut off 切斷 cut down 砍到 cut up 切碎 cut in 插入插話 cut out 刪掉 cut 。。。into… 把…切成…

　　18.mind doing sth 介意做某事 19.lose one’s way = get lost 迷路 lose to sb 輸給某人

　　20.almost 幾乎，差不多。指程度上的空間距離，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短等 almost +no,none,nothing,never 等;Nearly 多用于數(shù)字

　　八下英語(yǔ)第一單元習(xí)題

　　( )1. What’s wrong with you?

　　---I have a _______.The doctor asked me not to eat anything today because I ate too much yesterday.

　　A .toothache

　　A.come B. headache C. sore back C. came D. stomachache ( )2. Jack, please tell Tom to call me when he ______ back. B. comes D. will come

　　( )3. she is not strong enough ________ walking up mountains.

　　A to go B going C go D went

　　( )4. You will be late for school _____ you do not get up early.

　　A but B if C and D or

　　( )5. I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji.

　　A do B did C doing D are doing

　　( )6. So many problems! I am tired.--- You should try to ________ them by yourself. You are not a child any longer.

　　A get into B get off C get on D get over

　　( )7.Our teacher often tell us ________ in the river.It is dangerous.

　　A don’t swim B not swim C not to swim D not swimming

　　( )8. You have to leave now_______ you can catch the early bus.

　　A. so that B. as soon as C. because D. although

　　( )9.How is your grandma?--She’s fine. She used to __ TV at home after super. But now she is used to ___ out for a walk.

　　A watch; go B watching; go C watching; going D watch; going

　　( )10. Mr.More has more money than Mr. Littly . But he doesn’t enjoy _________ .

　　A. he B. him C. his D. himself

　　( )11. It’s very cold outside . You should __________ your coat when you go out .

　　A. put up B.stay up C .put on D. go on

　　( )12. Some people waste too much water.They don't believe that it can ________ some day.

　　A.keep out B.run out C.be run out D.run out of

　　( )13. ____________ the doctor , the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger .

　　A. In front of B.Thanks to C.As for D. Across from

　　( )14 .You look too tired . You _________ rest and _________ work too hard .

　　A. should ; should B. shouldn’t ; shouldn’t C .shouldn’t ; should D.should ; shouldn’t

　　( )15. We must __________ using plastic bags in order to protect our earth .

　　A. give out B. give up C .give away D. give in