初三英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式
初三英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式
語法的學(xué)習(xí),對于學(xué)生來說有著重要的意義。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初三英語《動(dòng)詞不定式》的語法復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。
初三英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式
一. 定義:
動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能獨(dú)立作謂語,但它仍保持動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),既可以有自己的賓語和狀語。同時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。
二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形
三. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
后面能接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那個(gè)姑娘決定自己做那件事。
動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的注意事項(xiàng)(2點(diǎn))
1. 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,但含義不同: remember to do 記住要做某事
remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事
forget to do忘記要做某事
forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事
stop to do 停下來去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我記得以前在哪兒見過你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
離開時(shí)請記得關(guān)好燈。
2. 不定式作賓語時(shí),如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式賓語,構(gòu)成“主語+動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。
四. 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
1. 后面能接to不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習(xí)一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。
2. 使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。
Let’s have a rest. 我們休息一會(huì)吧。
I saw him come in. 我看見他進(jìn)來了。
感官動(dòng)詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),也可跟v-ing作賓補(bǔ),前者表示動(dòng)作的全部過程已結(jié)束;后者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。(說明他下樓了這件事) I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。(說明他下樓時(shí)的情景)
五. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開家到不同的城市工作。 He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
為了趕上其他同學(xué),我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。
六. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語
不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的后面。
I need something to eat.
Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:
(1)作定語的不定式是由及物動(dòng)詞組成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關(guān)系需要有介詞。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。(方位關(guān)系) We have many things to do experiments with.
我們有許多做實(shí)驗(yàn)的東西(方式關(guān)系)
(2)作定語的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語。
Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。
七. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),可以用it 代替,把實(shí)際主語不定式放在后面。 It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在這個(gè)句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關(guān)系密切,并且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等,由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice,kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問詞連用
動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。
How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?