高考關(guān)于形容詞和副詞的考查要點(diǎn)
高考關(guān)于形容詞和副詞的考查要點(diǎn)
學(xué)好英語語法是取得英語好成績的關(guān)鍵,因此高考英語語法是極其重要的,這里為大家整理了英語語法全系列分享給大家,本次分享的是代詞大類中不定代詞的用法,希望對大家有幫助。
一、考點(diǎn)聚焦
形容詞、副詞的作用與位置:形容詞是用來修飾名詞的,常被放在名詞前作定語,或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語。而副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞,其他副詞或者句子,一般位于形容詞之前,動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。
第一節(jié):形容詞
1、形容詞的定義:形容詞簡稱adv. 形容詞簡稱adv.修飾v. adj.,其他adv.或全句的詞,v.,adv.或全句的詞修飾v.,adj.,其他adv.或全句的詞,表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度,方式等。表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),程度,方式等。
2、復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成
(1)形容詞+ 名詞+ ed kind-hearted 好心的,white-haired 白發(fā)的
(2)形容詞+ 形容詞red-hot 熾熱的,dark-blue 深藍(lán)的
(3)形容詞+ 現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking 好看的,easy-going 隨和的
(4)副詞+ 現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working 勤勞的,fast-moving 快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的
(5)副詞+ 過去分詞hard-won 得來不易的,newly-made 新建的
(6)名詞+ 形容詞life-long 終生的,world-famous 世界聞名的
(7)名詞+ 現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving 愛好和平的,fun-loving 愛開玩笑的
(8)名詞+ 過去分詞snow-covered 白雪覆蓋的,hand-made 手工的
(9)數(shù)詞+ 名詞+ ed four-storeyed 4 層樓的,three-legged 3 條腿的
(10)數(shù)詞+ 名詞(名詞用單數(shù))ten-year 10 年的,two-man 兩人的
第二節(jié):副詞
什么是副詞?
指出句中的副詞:
1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther? a little修飾副詞“farther”表示程度 farther修飾動(dòng)詞“move”表示方式
2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修飾動(dòng)詞goes,表示頻度、頻率
3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修飾整個(gè)句子
4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修飾形容詞,表示程度修飾形容詞hot,修飾形容詞
【高考副詞主要考點(diǎn)】
主要題型:選擇填空,完形填空,改錯(cuò)
考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:
1. 副詞詞義辨析
(10浙江) Do you think shopping online will ____________ take the place of shopping in stores?
A.especially B.Frequently C.merely D.finally
解析:especially 特別,尤其;frequently經(jīng)常;merely僅僅;finally最終
根據(jù)語境:你認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上購物最終會(huì)替代商場購物嗎?
(10湖北) I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ___________ said errors like this could be avoided.
A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly
解析:mostly 大部分地,通常地;nearly 幾乎=almost;rarely 很少地,幾乎不;merely 僅僅,只不過
全句意思:我并沒有責(zé)怪任何人,我只是說類似這種錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的” 說類似這種錯(cuò)誤是可以避免的”。
2. 副詞短語與習(xí)慣用語辨析
(09全國) It’s high time you had your hair cut; it’s getting .
A. too much long B. much too long C. long too much D. too long much
【解析】too much+不可數(shù)名詞 much too+形
(09天津) It was a nice house, but _______ too small for a family of five.
A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty
【解析】rather too 稍微,一點(diǎn)
全句意思:這房子不錯(cuò),但對于五口之家還是稍微小了點(diǎn)
(2011全國)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is______another to play it well yourself.
A. quite B. very C. rather D. much
【解析】quite another 另一回事
全句意思:喜歡聽好音樂是一回事,但是自己演奏的好又是另一回事
3. 某些副詞的位置
(10遼寧)We only had 0 and that was _______ to buy a new computer.
A.nowhere near enough B.near enough nowhere C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough
【辨析】enough做副詞時(shí),修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)應(yīng)該放在被修飾詞的后面adj/adv+enough nowhere near是固定短語,意思是“差得遠(yuǎn);遠(yuǎn)不及” ,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞
4. 短文改錯(cuò)題
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family 此處用副詞作狀語,修飾整個(gè)句子
adv怎么分類?
◆按意義分類1.普通副詞 2.疑問副詞 3.連接副詞 4.關(guān)系副詞
普通副詞可分為以下幾類副詞
1)時(shí)間副詞:today今天 yesterday昨天 lately近來,最近 next 下個(gè) 如:next Sunday下周日 last…上個(gè) 如:last week上周
確切的時(shí)間副詞可放句末和句首 They talked with Tom about it yesterday. Yesterday They talked with Tom about it.
2)頻度副詞:always總是usually通常often經(jīng)常,總是,通常 sometimes 有時(shí) seldom/rarely 很少,有時(shí) never 從不 occasionally 偶爾,間或,從不 constantly時(shí)常,不斷地 frequently
時(shí)常頻繁地 行為/實(shí)義
之前:①常位于行為實(shí)義之前:He seldom goes to the movies. 放在be動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后:動(dòng)詞 ②放在動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后:She is always acting like that.
3)地點(diǎn)副詞: here 這里 there那里 everywhere到處 anywhere任何地方 inside在里面,往里面 outside 在外面,向外面 upstairs 在樓上,往樓上 downstairs 在樓下,往樓下 常放在謂語V之
后:He went away.
He lived abroad.
4)方式副詞: slowly慢慢地 happily幸福地,快樂地 hard努力地,艱苦地 quickly快,迅速地 sadly哀傷地,傷心地 quietly悄悄地,安靜地 carefully認(rèn)真地,小心地 properly恰當(dāng)?shù)?,正確地,
常放在被修飾的V之后
或放在句末 He ran quickly. I can do it well.
5)程度副詞: very非常 much非常,很 very much很,非常 quite相當(dāng),非常,相當(dāng),,很 rather相當(dāng) little少so這么,那么,如此 too太 enough足夠地,充分地 hardly幾乎不,簡直不,常放在
被它修飾的adj.,
adv.或v.之前The book is very good. I almost believed his story.
6)語氣副詞:certainly當(dāng)然 obviously顯然地,當(dāng)然 besides此外luckily/fortunately幸運(yùn)地, 此外 unlickily/unfortuntely不幸地 語氣副詞常放句首,修飾全句,★語氣副詞常放句
首,修飾全句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)說明,調(diào)說
明,或表示說話人的語氣和態(tài)度Unfortunately, he won't be here tomorrow evening.
adv怎樣構(gòu)成?
1. 本身為adv.:ago, now, often, very等
2. 大多數(shù)的adv.由adj.加上后綴ly組成 1)一般情況:slow-slowly, bad-badly 2)輔音字母結(jié)尾,y改為i再加ly happy-happily, angry-angrily 3)le結(jié)尾去掉e加y: single-singly
3. 有些adv.由介詞或地點(diǎn)名詞加后綴-ward (s)構(gòu)成forward(s) backward(s)
4. 與adj同形的adv.:特別是以下幾個(gè):enough足夠相當(dāng) early早, fast快, 足夠 deep深地 high高,向高處 hard努力地,艱苦地 late遲到,晚 wide廣闊地
5. 加ly變副詞后意思發(fā)生變化的副詞 highly非常,高度地 widely廣泛地,非常 nearly幾乎 lately近來,最近 hard努力地 hardly幾乎不 deeply深深地,深刻地 widely廣泛地
某些副詞在句中的位置是怎樣的?
1.a. enough足夠地、十分地The book is _______enough for you to understand. easy _______ 這本書對你來說完全可以看得懂。They cannot walk ______________
_______________. fast enough 他們走得不夠快。I'm ______ __________ to handle my own affairs. old enough 我已經(jīng)長大了,可以處理我自己的事情。 b. enough足夠的,
修飾n時(shí)也可放在n.后,也可放在n
前:enough money I have ___________ _____________ to buy the book. 我有足夠的錢買著本書。enough chairs We have ___________ _____________ for everyone.
我們有足夠的椅子讓大家坐。
2. a. both, all, often及always等頻度副詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及等頻度副詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞;b. be動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞both, all, often, always等動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞等
are always
They _________ _____________ late for school. 他們總是上學(xué)遲到。 are both We ________ ____________ students of No. 14 High School. 我倆都是這個(gè)班的學(xué)生。all
like They ___________
_____________playing basketball. 他們?nèi)枷矚g打籃球。have both finished We_________ ____________ _____________ our homework.我們倆都完成作業(yè)了。
3. 幾個(gè)副詞在同一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)的情況:
1) 謂語v后常出現(xiàn)的副詞有表示地點(diǎn),時(shí)間,方式,一般的排列順序?yàn)椋撼潭?rarr;方式方式→地點(diǎn)如:時(shí)間副詞, very hard there We worked _________ ________
__________ later ___________. 我們在那兒工作很努力。We’re going to have a meeting_________________ in the classroom _______________________. this
afternoon 今天下午我們將在教室里開會(huì)。
2) 幾個(gè)時(shí)間副詞,地點(diǎn)副詞作狀語時(shí),一般來說時(shí)間副詞/地點(diǎn)副詞作狀語時(shí),從小到大排列,如:at five o’clock on the afternoon He was born _________________________ of
July 28th, 1994
___________________. 他出生在1994年7月28號下午五點(diǎn)。 I first met Peter _______________________. in a bookstore in Boston 我第一次見到Peter是在波士頓的一個(gè)書
店里。
以下屬幾種特殊情況,須牢記:
(1)形容詞短語作定語,定語后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
(2)表語形容詞(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive 等)作定語,定語后置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如well、faint、ill 只作表語。sick 既可作表語又可作定語,ill 如作定語意為“bad”。
(3)用作定語,修飾由不定代詞one、any、no、some 和every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something 等時(shí),通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.
(4)else 常用作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。
(5)enough、nearby 修飾名詞前置或后置,程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面,enough 修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí),必須后置。
(6)幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語時(shí),其順序較靈活,但一般是:方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。如:We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
(7)頻度副詞如often、always、usually 等在be 動(dòng)詞后,行為動(dòng)詞前。
(8)副詞作定語,定語后置。如:The person there is waiting for you.
(9)幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語,其語序通常為:限定語(The、A)+ 描繪性形容詞+ size (大小)shape + (形狀)age + (年齡、時(shí)間)color 顏色)origin + (+ (國籍、來
源)material + (材料)+
purpose(目的)+ 名詞。如:a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings
(10)以-ly 結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。①下列單詞以-ly 結(jié)尾,但卻是形容詞而非副詞:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely 等。②表愿意
(無-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副詞:
deep 深wide 寬廣high 高low 位置低deeply 深入地widely 廣泛地highly 高度地lowly 地位卑微③有無-ly 意義大不相同的副詞:dead 完全,絕對be dead asleep deadly 非常be
deadly tired pretty 相當(dāng)be
pretty certain that… prettily 漂亮地be prettily dressed close 近Don’t sit close. closely 密切地Watch closely! late 晚、遲arrive late, come late lately 最近I haven’t seen him
lately(recently).