高二英語(yǔ)必修四知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

　　對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)，我們要掌握一個(gè)正確的方法。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的高二英語(yǔ)必修四知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。

　　高二英語(yǔ)必修四知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(一)

　　1. amuse

　　「課文原句」Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while. (P33)

　　「名師點(diǎn)撥」amuse vt. 意為“使高興;使開(kāi)心”，和please(取悅于;讓……高興)是近義詞。amuse oneself意為“自?shī)首詷?lè);消遣”。amuse的名詞形式是amusement.如：I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was on the train. They are more than amusement parks with rides， such as a Ferris wheel， merry-go-round or a roller coaster. (P33)

　　Carl came last in the race， much to my amusement.「知識(shí)拓展」amused adj. 意為“逗樂(lè)的;覺(jué)得好笑的”，常用be amused (at / by sth)，指“覺(jué)得有趣;好笑;以……為樂(lè)”。如：She was very amused by / at your comments. Amused by the flying kites， the child stopped crying.

　　2. various

　　「課文原句」Though parks share this basic purpose， they find various ways to meet this need. (P33)

　　「名師點(diǎn)撥」various adj. 意為“不同的;各種各樣的”，相當(dāng)于different kinds of，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：At the meeting， the people present expressed their various opinions. The students were late for various reasons.「知識(shí)拓展」various是由動(dòng)詞vary(變化)派生而來(lái)的形容詞，它的副詞形式是variously.variety是名詞，意為“有變化”，用a variety of表示“各種各樣的;多種多樣的”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，可與various互用。如：These new parks have a variety of things to see and do. (P33)

　　3. charge

　　「課文原句」They all charge money for admission， and for the rides and shows in the park. (P33)

　　「名師點(diǎn)撥」charge通常作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“收(費(fèi));索(價(jià))”，此時(shí)charge后接賓語(yǔ)(被收費(fèi)的對(duì)象)和錢(qián)數(shù);如果接購(gòu)買(mǎi)的商品或其它原因，用for連接。如：I‘ll charge you five dollars. How much do you charge for a haircut?

　　charge還可以表示“把……歸咎于(to， on， upon);告發(fā);在控告(with)”。如：Bob was charged with the murder， but he refused to admit it.

　　「知識(shí)拓展」charge作名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成許多固定搭配：in charge(主管);in charge of(負(fù)責(zé)某事);in the charge of(由……管);take charge of(負(fù)責(zé)管理)。如：The doctor in charge told us to be calm. Who is in charge of the school instead of Mr Black?

　　The factory has been in the charge of the new boss for five months. Can you take charge of this class please， Miss Li?

　　4. profit

　　「課文原句」The big companies that own them parks except to make a profit not just by the charges for admission… (P33)

　　「名師點(diǎn)撥」profit n.意為“利潤(rùn);經(jīng)濟(jì)上的好處”，既可數(shù)也不可數(shù)，用作復(fù)數(shù)的場(chǎng)合較多;也可譯為“好處;益處(不可數(shù))”。make a profit指“獲得利潤(rùn)”。如：Tom said he would give up his profits if there were no explanations to give him. She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies.「知識(shí)拓展」profit也可作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，profit by意為“從……中得到好處”。如：You must make it clear what it will profit me. You may profit by the experience of others.

　　5. advance

　　「課文原句」… and there are future parks， where people can go on imaginary trips to space and use advanced computer techniques to experience life in the future. (P34)

　　「名師點(diǎn)撥」advanced adj. 意為“高級(jí)的;先進(jìn)的”，其動(dòng)詞形式是advance，可作及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“推進(jìn);促進(jìn);提前”。如：The Party Committee is going to advance our career to a new stage. (及物動(dòng)詞)

　　The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. (及物動(dòng)詞)

　　After having studied abroad for three years， they didn‘t advance in knowledge at all. (不及物動(dòng)詞)

　　高二英語(yǔ)必修四知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(二)

　　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

　　(一) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

　　時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)所表示的動(dòng)作或情況發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有 16 種 時(shí)態(tài)，但是常用的只有 9 種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完

　　成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。下面分別介紹。

　　1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 (do/does)

　　1) 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作; 表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、 特征和真理。 句中常用 often, usually, every day, sometimes, every week/year, twice aweek 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

　　例如： a. He goes to school every day. b. He is very happy. c.The earth moves around the sun.

　　2) 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。例如： 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

　　例如： a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.

　　3) 有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定 按時(shí)間表要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(句中都帶有時(shí)間,有時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定, 按時(shí)間表要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞 狀語(yǔ))，但限于少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：begin, come,

　　leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return,open, close 等。

　　例如： a. the meeting begins at seven.

　　b. the rain starts at nine in the morning.

　　4) 表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　a. i like english very much.

　　b. the story sound very interesting.

　　5) 書(shū)報(bào)的標(biāo)題、小說(shuō)等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法:(did) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

　　1) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與 yesterday,the other day, ….ago, in the past, in +過(guò)去時(shí)間(1998)。

　　a. he saw mr. wang yesterday.

　　b. he worked in a factory in 1986.

　　2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”。

　　例如： I used to smoke. During the vacation i would swim in the sea.

　　注： ”used to “ 表示過(guò)去常發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 “would + 動(dòng)詞原形”沒(méi)有 “現(xiàn)在不再……”含義。

　　3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法(shall/will do)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　1)其表達(dá)形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 動(dòng)詞原 表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。

　　例如：It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today.

　　2)“be to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。

　　例如：The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work?

　　3) “be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

　　例如：we are about to leave.

　　4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　　例如：i’m leaving for beijing. 將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

　　5) 某些動(dòng)詞 如 come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)。

　　例如：The meeting starts at five o’clock. He gets off at the next stop.

　　高二英語(yǔ)必修四知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(三)

　　不定代詞的用法

　　不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫不定代詞。

　　常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有 all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none 以 及含有 some-, any-, no-等的合成代詞(如：anybody, something, no one) 。

　　這些不定代詞大多 可以代替名詞，在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。但 none 和由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu) 成的復(fù)合不定代詞(如 somebody 等)只能作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 every 和 no 只能作定語(yǔ)。

　　不定代詞可作主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要明確這一不定代詞究竟是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，以確定它和 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人和數(shù)的一致。

　　不定代詞還可作定語(yǔ)。當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意其所修飾的名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，以確定 這個(gè)名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。

　　例: Much has been done to fight pollution;each of them has got a present.

　　many, few 和 both 用于可數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。

　　All, both 和 each 和含有 every 的復(fù)合代詞用在否定句中只表示部分否定。

　　例：Not all the students have been to the Austrlia. She can’t work out both of the difficult problems. Everybody cannot work out the problem.

　　Neither,none 和含有 no 的復(fù)合代詞表示全部否定。

　　例: None of us can answer the question. Neither of the questions is right.

　　歷屆高考試題分析

　　例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ____.

　　A. others B. the other C. either D. another

　　答案：B

　　【解析】根據(jù)上文 neither 的提示可以看出所指的應(yīng)該是兩者中的另外一個(gè)，所以用 the other。這句的意思是：貿(mào)易談判沒(méi)有取得進(jìn)展，因?yàn)殡p方都不愿意接受對(duì)方的條件。