八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)

　　學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法是相當(dāng)重要的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。

　　八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)(一)

　　動(dòng)詞形態(tài)不對(duì)應(yīng)

　　下面兩則廣告中的第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞形態(tài)就和前面的不對(duì)應(yīng)，因此屬于一種字形上的錯(cuò)誤：

　　① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .

　?、?You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.

　　在第一句里的“having”應(yīng)改為“have”才對(duì)。不然，就要把這個(gè)分句完全寫出來：

　　“…… or if you have any queries, ……”

　　第二句里的“and”是銜接前面的動(dòng)名詞“interviewing and shortlisting”和后面的動(dòng)名詞“assisting”。顯然，這里不用動(dòng)名詞而用不定式動(dòng)詞“to assist”，也是犯了動(dòng)詞形式不對(duì)應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤，非改正不可。

　　還有，根據(jù)字詞的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合邏輯。

　?、俸廷谶@類的錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)普遍。雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)影響人們對(duì)文章的理解，但是總不是件文字上的好事，還是多多注意，盡量避免好。

　　同樣的，下列5個(gè)從學(xué)生作業(yè)中找出來的句子，也犯了同樣的毛?。?/p>

　　③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.

　?、?Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.

　?、?They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.

　?、?It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.

　　⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.

　?、鄣舰呔渥永锏膭?dòng)詞形態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤是明顯的，改正也是容易的，即：

　　③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.

　　八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)(二)

　　英語(yǔ)多義詞

　　由于一詞多義在英語(yǔ)詞匯的運(yùn)用上非常重要，這里不厭其煩地再舉一個(gè)家喻戶曉的常用字 break，以加強(qiáng)我對(duì)這點(diǎn)的重視。

　　作為動(dòng)詞，break 有下列 12 個(gè)常用意思：

　?、?打破、斷，如：(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.

　　② 違反、違約，如：(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.

　?、?傷、毀，如：(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.

　?、?中斷、打斷，如：(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.

　?、?破曉，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.

　?、?放棄，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.

　?、?開路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.

　?、?毫無得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at 0 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.

　?、?闖入，如：A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.

　?、?爆發(fā)，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?

　　11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.

　　12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.

　　當(dāng)名詞時(shí)，break 有 5 個(gè)常見義，如下：

　?、?裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.

　?、?拂曉：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.

　?、?吃茶點(diǎn)時(shí)間：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.

　?、?休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.

　　⑤ 變動(dòng)：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.

　　八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)(三)

　　動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)別忘了呼應(yīng)

　　根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)律，形容詞分句(也叫定語(yǔ)從句，adjective clause)里的動(dòng)詞必須和主句里的先行詞(antecedent)呼應(yīng)。先行詞是單數(shù)，形容詞分句中的動(dòng)詞便是單數(shù);先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞分句中的動(dòng)詞便是復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　?、?Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)

　?、?Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.

　　在①里，先行詞the woman是單數(shù)，形容詞分句里的動(dòng)詞is也是單數(shù)。反之，②里的先行詞those是復(fù)數(shù)，who后面的動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù)have.

　　根據(jù)這原則，who is upgrading 中的is便要改為are了。

　　動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。除了上述例子外，常見的錯(cuò)誤還有下面幾種類型：

　?、跦as Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?

　　④Do your uncle live in Malaysia?

　?、軹here is several beautiful paintings on the wall.

　　⑥The news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.

　?、遅hat we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.

　?、郤omeone have forgotten to turn off the light.

　　在③里，助動(dòng)詞 has 和復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ) Mr and Mrs Li 不符，要改為 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配，要改為 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主語(yǔ) paintings 的數(shù)不一致，應(yīng)改為 are.這個(gè)句子也可改變?yōu)椋?ldquo;Several beautiful paintings are on the wall”。在⑥里的主語(yǔ) news，其形式是復(fù)數(shù)，但意思是單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞也要單數(shù)的 was received 才行。⑦里的主語(yǔ)是名詞分句(noun clause)，是個(gè)單數(shù)的單位，動(dòng)詞也要單數(shù)的 is，不是 are.在⑧ 里的主語(yǔ) someone 是單數(shù)代名詞，隨后的動(dòng)詞必須是 has forgotten 才對(duì)。

　　上述動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)不一致的毛病，屢見不鮮;即使英語(yǔ)能力好的人，也難幸免。

　　下面這句英語(yǔ)很好，但是里面的動(dòng)詞對(duì)嗎?是 has 還是 have 呢?

　　“Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.”

　　既然這句的主語(yǔ)是由 concept 和 magnitude 組成，便是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然也要復(fù)數(shù) have 才是。