考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解精讀
考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀理解精讀
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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀原文
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona's immigration law Monday--a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration's effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona's controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to "establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization "and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court's liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately "occupied the field" and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal's privileged powers.
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That's because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice--Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas--agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as "a shocking assertion of federal executive power".The White House argued that Arizona's laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn't want to carry out Congress's immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀翻譯
周一，最高法院以五對(duì)三的投票否決了亞利桑那州移民法案的大部分條款，這對(duì)于奧巴馬政府來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)不大不小的勝利。但在有關(guān)憲法這一更重要的問(wèn)題上，最高法院以八比零的一致表決宣告奧巴馬政府的完敗，該政府妄圖打破聯(lián)邦政府與各州之間的權(quán)力平衡。
在這起亞利桑那州與美國(guó)政府的訴訟案中，亞利桑那州計(jì)劃讓州和地方警察執(zhí)行聯(lián)邦移民法規(guī)，這一計(jì)劃引起了爭(zhēng)議，在該計(jì)劃中，有四項(xiàng)條款受到質(zhì)疑，其中有三項(xiàng)被最高法院多數(shù)票裁決為無(wú)效。憲法原則是：只有華府(即聯(lián)邦政府)有權(quán)"制定統(tǒng)一的歸化條例";而且聯(lián)邦法律地位高于州法律，這兩點(diǎn)毋庸置疑。但亞利桑那州很早以前就企圖制定與現(xiàn)有聯(lián)邦法律平起平坐的本州政策。
大法官Anthony Kennedy，首席大法官John Roberts 以及自由派大法官一致裁定亞利桑那州無(wú)視聯(lián)邦政府，自行其是。對(duì)于被推翻的三項(xiàng)條款，多數(shù)人法官認(rèn)為國(guó)會(huì)早已有意涉及該領(lǐng)域，所以亞利桑那州已侵犯聯(lián)邦政府的特權(quán)。
但是，大法官們表示亞利桑那州警察可以檢查可疑人員的身份。因?yàn)閲?guó)會(huì)一直希望在移民問(wèn)題上，聯(lián)邦政府和州政府能聯(lián)合執(zhí)法，并且明確鼓勵(lì)州政府官員能與聯(lián)邦同事間加強(qiáng)合作，信息共享。
反對(duì)否決亞利桑那州的三位大法官中，有兩位，即Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas認(rèn)同這一憲法邏輯，但對(duì)于亞利桑那州移民法中的哪一條款觸犯了聯(lián)邦法律這一問(wèn)題存在分歧。唯一主要異議來(lái)自大法官Antonin Scalia，他對(duì)州特權(quán)給予更加強(qiáng)大的辯護(hù)，州特權(quán)的歷史法律條文可以追溯到《制止外國(guó)人反美及制止煽動(dòng)言論》這一法案。
8:0反對(duì)奧巴馬總統(tǒng)的原因在于他"對(duì)聯(lián)邦執(zhí)行權(quán)過(guò)于高調(diào)的聲明"，正如Samuel Alito在其反對(duì)意見(jiàn)中所描寫(xiě)的那樣。白宮認(rèn)為亞利桑那州移民法與聯(lián)邦政府的執(zhí)法優(yōu)先權(quán)矛盾，即使州級(jí)法律與聯(lián)邦法律字字吻合。事實(shí)上，白宮宣稱(chēng)，它可以否決任何雖然合法但不被它認(rèn)同的州級(jí)法律。
有些權(quán)力的確只歸聯(lián)邦政府，其中包括公民身份和邊界的控制權(quán)。但是，如果國(guó)會(huì)想阻止州利用本州資源對(duì)移民身份進(jìn)行核查，它是能做到的。但它從沒(méi)有這么去做。政府實(shí)質(zhì)上宣稱(chēng)，因?yàn)樽约翰幌雽?shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)會(huì)的移民愿望，任何州也不允許去實(shí)現(xiàn)。每位大法官均大義凜然地否決了這一驚人言論。
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀詞語(yǔ)解析
deliberately[di'libəritli]adv. 慎重地，故意地
legal['li:gəl]adj. 法律的，合法的，法定的
prevent[pri'vent]v. 預(yù)防，防止
constitutional[.kɔnsti'tju:ʃənl]adj. 憲法的，合乎憲法的，體質(zhì)的，組成的 n. 散步
constitution[.kɔnsti'tju:ʃən]n. 組織，憲法，體格
modest['mɔdist]adj. 謙虛的，適度的，端莊的
logic['lɔdʒik]n. 邏輯，邏輯學(xué)，條理性，推理
verify['verifai]vt. 查證，核實(shí)
invalidate[in'vælideit]vt. 使無(wú)效，使作廢
objection[əb'dʒekʃən]n. 反對(duì)，異議
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