2019中考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)以及常見用法
2019中考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)以及常見用法
英語的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在行為動(dòng)詞前,表示說話人對(duì)這一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想,下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家?guī)砹?019中考英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的知識(shí)點(diǎn)以及常見用法,歡迎閱讀!
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):1)有一定詞義;
2)不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響;
3)與主要?jiǎng)釉~的原形(或稱不帶to的不定式)一起構(gòu)成謂語(除ought to作固定詞組看待)。
?批注:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形,否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 "not"。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式, 過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣, 委婉的語氣, 時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng), 可用于過去,現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞,故沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
He could be here soon. 他很快就來。
We can't carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you. 對(duì)不起,我?guī)筒簧夏恪?/p>
基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是,基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義,而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義,能表示說話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法,或表示主觀設(shè)想:
What have you been doing since? (構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體,本身無詞義)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或許已經(jīng))
除此之外,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞還有如下詞法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和used以外,其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話,那么,所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候,沒有詞形變化,即其詞尾無-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非限定形式,即沒有不定式和分詞形式,也沒有相應(yīng)的動(dòng)名詞:
Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合,情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r(shí)間:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞,但有時(shí)卻可以與have和be基本助動(dòng)詞連用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四類:①只做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
?、诳勺銮閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:need,dare
?、劭勺銮閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞又可做助動(dòng)詞:shall(should),will(would)
④具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特征:have(had,has) to,used to
?、萸閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞表猜測(cè)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
1. can (could)
1)表示能力,could主要指過去時(shí)間。
Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識(shí)字嗎?
2)表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上)。
The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.
氣溫可降至—60℃,也就是零下60℃。
He can´t (couldn´t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。
You mustn´t smoke while you´re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子里走時(shí)勿吸煙,那樣可能會(huì)引起火災(zāi)。
3)表示允許。
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room.
他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
4)表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他們會(huì)去哪兒了呢?
He can´t (couldn´t) be over sixty. 他不可能超過六十歲。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心?
5)比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎?
I´m afraid we couldn´t give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。
2. may (might)
1)表允許,might可以指過去時(shí)間,也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,語氣更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎?
在回答以may引起的問句時(shí),多避免用這個(gè)詞,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly.
/ Please don´t ./ You´d better not. / No, you mustn´t.等,以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。
2)表可能(事實(shí)上)??梢灾高^去時(shí)間,也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,但語氣更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔(dān)心他們可能不同意他的意見。
They might be having a meeting, but I´m not sure. 他們有可能在開會(huì),不過我不肯定。
【例題精講】
—— I hear you’ve got a set of Australian coins. _____I have a look?
—— Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
【解析】本題考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,“我可以看一看嗎?”,表示允許。
【答案】B
【點(diǎn)撥】如果選項(xiàng)里有can也可以用。
3. must
1)表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”(主觀意志)。
We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進(jìn)地做。
You mustn´t talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對(duì)她說話。
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎?
--No, you needn´t. / No, you don´t have to. 不必。(這種情況下,一般不用mustn´t)
2)表示揣測(cè)。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。
She´s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
她戴著鉆石項(xiàng)鏈,一定很有錢。
【例題精講】
---May I go to the cinema, Mum?
--- Certainly. But you________ be back by 11 o'clock.
A. can B. may C. must D. need
【解析】本題考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意“你必須在11點(diǎn)前回來”可知,用must。
【答案】C
【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)語境判斷
4. shall
1)表征詢意見,用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。
Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點(diǎn)茶好嗎?
Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎?
What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么?
2)表說話人的意愿,有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思,用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。
You shall do as I say. 按我說的做。(命令)
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。(允諾)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他會(huì)后悔的,我告訴你。(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃(決心)
【例題精講】
He seldom listens to others. He_____ answer for what he has done.
A. shall B. will C. can D. would
【解析】本題考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)句意“他應(yīng)該為他做的事情負(fù)責(zé)”可知,用shall。
【答案】A
【點(diǎn)撥】此處shall表示警告。
5. will
1)表意愿,用于各種人稱陳述句。
I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won´t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I´ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書,我會(huì)把它借給你。
2)表請(qǐng)求,用于疑問句。
Will you close the window? It´s a bit cold. 請(qǐng)你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎?有點(diǎn)冷。
Won´t you drink some more coffee? 再來一點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎?
3)表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。
The door won´t open. 這門打不開。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個(gè)鐘點(diǎn),看著車輛行人通過。
【例題精講】
【例1】—— Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.
—— No, I_____.
A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
【解析】這道題是一道完全考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的題目,句意“---別忘記明天下午把我的新書帶來。---好的,我不會(huì)忘記的。”
【答案】C
【點(diǎn)撥】表示意愿
【例2】My car was broken on my way here. I tried and tried, but it just _____ start again.
A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t
【解析】這道題是一道考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的題目,句意“-我在來的路上車拋錨了,我試了又試,可是車就是啟動(dòng)不了。”
【答案】C
【點(diǎn)撥】表示傾向性動(dòng)作
6. should
1)表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”(某件事宜于做),用于各種人稱。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你對(duì)老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。
You shouldn´t waste any time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
2)表推測(cè),意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors.
這部新電影是一流演員主演的,估計(jì)拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。
【例題精講】
There____ be a station in a short distance.
A. should B. will C. can D. would
【解析】這道題是一道考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的題目,句意“不遠(yuǎn)處應(yīng)該會(huì)有一個(gè)車站。”
【答案】A
【點(diǎn)撥】表示猜測(cè)、推測(cè)。
7.would
1)表意愿。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他們不讓他進(jìn)去因?yàn)樗轮f。
I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意為你做任何事。
2)表委婉地提出請(qǐng)求、建議或看法。
Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎?
Would you mind cleaning the window? 請(qǐng)把窗戶擦一下好嗎?
They wouldn´t have anything against it. 他們不會(huì)有什么反對(duì)意見。
3)表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去的一種傾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
她每遇到麻煩都會(huì)向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。
【例題精講】
He____ sit here and doing nothing a whole day When he was in hospital.
A. shall B. will C. can D. would
【解析】這道題是一道考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的題目,句意“當(dāng)他在醫(yī)院的時(shí)候,他會(huì)整天坐在這里什么也不做。”
【答案】D
【點(diǎn)撥】表示過去的習(xí)慣或者反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
8. ought to
1)表義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)該”(因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做),口氣比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親,應(yīng)當(dāng)管他。
You oughtn´t to smoke so much. 你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。
2)表推測(cè),暗含很大的可能,語氣較弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的電話號(hào)碼。
There´s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天應(yīng)該是個(gè)好天。
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