托??谡Z為什么考上不了25分
對于中國學(xué)生來說,托福四個部分里最難拿高分的就是口語了,聽說中國考試的平均分?jǐn)?shù)只有19分左右...可見托??谡Z真的很蛋疼,不過今天這篇文章給大家分析了托福口語最容易錯的點(diǎn),解決了他們托福25分不是夢。
1、表達(dá)思想空洞
首先,中國學(xué)生在用英語表達(dá)的時候,論點(diǎn)有余,但是支持論點(diǎn)的例子和原因顯得嚴(yán)重不足,因此,整篇表達(dá)聽上去十分干澀,不夠豐滿。
例如,當(dāng)一個中國學(xué)生想要表達(dá)他非常喜歡一部電影的時候,他可能會不斷地羅列他的論點(diǎn)而無法去挖掘、發(fā)展他的觀點(diǎn),他會說“I love this movie, and I think it is amazing. No one loves the movie like I do; it is so good and I think it is the best film in this world.”
這樣的表達(dá)即使用最漂亮的發(fā)音呈現(xiàn)出來也顯得蒼白無力。甚至有的同學(xué)將托??谡Z題目中常出現(xiàn)的一句話“Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.” 當(dāng)作一句沒用的話,殊不知這正是托??谡Z考試希望同學(xué)們做的,用充分的事實(shí)去展開。
一個建議的版本可以是這樣的,如果想表達(dá)很喜歡Forrest Gump《阿甘正傳》這部電影,可以說:
“I love this movie because I can learn something about America's history. For example,I know the lost generation and Watergate scandal through this movie. People living in UnitedStates start doubting the policy of government, and of course, how the Vietnam War affected American people's lives. People want to change their attitudes to the war, and look for their own freedom and democracy. So I can have the opportunity to enrich my knowledge concerning this through this masterpiece.”
這是一部非?!坝形幕钡碾娪?。導(dǎo)演將美國重要的歷史事件默默的安排在阿甘的經(jīng)歷中,通過時代的變遷反映出美國在各個時期的特征和美國年輕人的追求。如果考生可以用“迷失的一代”,rater馬上就明白我喜歡這部電影的原因了,而且通過這些美國人耳熟能詳?shù)睦右搀w現(xiàn)出考生滿腹經(jīng)綸,是一個非常了解美國歷史和文化的優(yōu)秀考生。
再舉一例,比如談到一所好的大學(xué)需要具備什么樣的特點(diǎn)這道題時,會說“The university has a good library.”或“The university has numerous trees.”就此停止了,而沒能有理有據(jù)地展開。
正確的表述比如:
“My university has a good library, and it is one of the largest and most valuable research libraries in China. It has about 6 million items in its collection, including over 2 million books and pamphlets and thousands of charts, engravings, manuscripts, map and so forth. The library's half million manuscript collection reflects different aspects of Chinese life and culture. And the library has grown so large that it could no longer be housed in one building. Two more buildings were built to accommodate the ever increasing collection in the library. Also, the library is computerized, so students can research the information or E-book freely when the professor assigns the new homework, which makes the use of the library a pleasant experience.”
要想避免表達(dá)思想內(nèi)容空洞就可以按照上面大學(xué)圖書館一例來把自己的想法展開。具體要細(xì)化到什么程度還是由考生自己決定,不過強(qiáng)烈建議考生可以根據(jù)自己的生活經(jīng)驗和真實(shí)的感受(比如真的對自己學(xué)校的圖書館)進(jìn)行客觀的評價,而不是在考場中隨性的編造例子,畢竟編造的內(nèi)容是你臨時想的,你也不能確定你的創(chuàng)造是否能hold住45秒的答題時間,反而自己真實(shí)的感受更容易表達(dá)。所以平時對于生活中的素材,或是一些新聞實(shí)事合理積累也對話題的展開大有裨益。
2、不注意中西方文化差異
還有就是在舉例表達(dá)時也必須注意中西文化的差異,很多考生在闡述思想時能把中國文化中普遍認(rèn)同的東西表達(dá)出來,卻沒有能夠把中國人為何普遍認(rèn)同這種東西其背后的原因和條件講述出來。
因為美國人對其背后的原因和條件一無所知,就很難明白你想表達(dá)的思想觀點(diǎn),甚至?xí)J(rèn)為你所表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是荒.唐的。比如說,一個學(xué)生在談到在中國用什么交通工具最好這一問題時,闡述了這一觀點(diǎn)“Only the very wealthy people can afford to buy a car.”為了使美國人真正理解這句話,就必須按下面的方法來交代原因和條件:
The living standard in China is still not very high. The average monthly income per person even in large and affluent cities is about 200 U. S. dollars. This income is just enough to cover the family expenses, without any money left for savings. Furthermore, cars in China are far more expensive than in the United States. The cheapest car in China would be about 10,000 dollars. Very few Chinese people can save enough to purchase a car, not to mention the cost of car maintenance.
從此例可以看出在表達(dá)思想時一定要把支持這一觀點(diǎn)的事實(shí)和條件列出來,即使是眾人皆知的原因和條件亦是如此。要避免跨越的思維,造成強(qiáng)邏輯的錯誤,這是西方人在表達(dá)思想時與中國人的不同之處。
在中國,一個人下結(jié)論時,如果別人聽不懂,往往這個聽不懂的人會被看作無知,而下結(jié)論的人被認(rèn)為是有高深學(xué)問和深刻語言能力的,這也是我國強(qiáng)調(diào)“博學(xué)”的體現(xiàn);而美式思維更強(qiáng)調(diào)推理能力,即如何自圓其說。
即有時候我的觀點(diǎn)與你所知的觀點(diǎn)有些許不同,甚至曾被你認(rèn)為是錯的,但是當(dāng)你聽完我的敘述之后,你發(fā)現(xiàn)有道理并被我說服了。有意識的培養(yǎng)自己說理的能力,對于思路的詳細(xì)擴(kuò)展有非常積極的影響。