高考英語(yǔ)必備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些
高考英語(yǔ)必備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些
英語(yǔ)是高考必考科目，為了高考必須提高英語(yǔ)成績(jī)，而語(yǔ)法知識(shí)又是英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)，只有學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，才能提高英語(yǔ)成績(jī)。下面是小編分享的高考英語(yǔ)必備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來(lái)看看吧。
高考英語(yǔ)必備的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、常見連接詞
(1)表選擇關(guān)系或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系的連接詞：either…or…,neither…nor…,or,aswellas,and,both…and….
(2)表因果關(guān)系的連接詞：therefore,so,asaresult,astheresultof,becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto等。
(3)表時(shí)間順序的連接詞：
the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,mean while,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first time,the minute.
(4)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞：yet,and yet,but,while,on the contrary,on the otherhand,however,at the same time等。
(5)表解釋說(shuō)明的連接詞：that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for example,for instance,and soon,etc,
and the like,and what not等。
(6)表總結(jié)的連接詞：in aword,onthe whole,in short,to sumup,in all等
2、主語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。在原始的簡(jiǎn)單句中，主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)
We often speak English in class.(代詞)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)
The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)
3、謂語(yǔ)
謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：
1.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.
2.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：We are students.
在英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句只能有一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(知道為什么嗎)，而且，我們平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài)是針對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)說(shuō)。如果以do為例，do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在簡(jiǎn)單句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)是句子的核心，是不可以隨意刪掉的。
4、賓語(yǔ)
3、賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代詞)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
5、表語(yǔ)
4、表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞。
Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)
Is it yours?(代詞)
The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)
The speech is exciting.(分詞)
Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)
高考英語(yǔ)?？颊Z(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)題(大家應(yīng)該記住我所講過(guò)的九種時(shí)態(tài)，特別是其中的過(guò)去完成，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，客觀真理要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)等)
1、The manager told us that this factory was built in 1958.
2、By the time we got there, the play had already begun.
3、When I was a child, I knew that the earth turns about its axis.
4、When Mr.Delay got home after a day’s exhausting work, his wife and children were sleeping.
二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題(特別是現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)時(shí)分詞的區(qū)別，大家一定要弄明白主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)這對(duì)最最重要的區(qū)別，要求大家多看我的上課筆記)
1、The film showed last night was very moving. (不用moved，大家別忘了-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別)
2、Having finishing his lecture, the teacher asked if anyone wished to asked a question.
3、The problem being discussed is very important.
4、Given more time, we are sure to finish it.
5、Will you please make yourself known to everyone here?
三、 It作形式主語(yǔ)及形式賓語(yǔ)題(這也是一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)，it本身是沒有意思的,注意it還可以指時(shí)間，天氣等。)
1、It is difficult to study English well.
2、We think it is important to pass the exam.
四、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(大家要記住的是it is (was)…….that….,如果前面是it is/was 后面往往選用that，當(dāng)然強(qiáng)調(diào)人的時(shí)候也可用who)
1、It was at an evening party that I first saw her.
2、It is what you will do that is important.
3、When was it that he bought a new car?
五、 倒裝句型
全部倒裝句(這種全部倒裝題歷年只考過(guò)一次，考得最多的都是下面的部分倒裝)
1、Stop talking! There comes the teacher.
部分倒裝句(如果選項(xiàng)里面有兩個(gè)主謂倒裝了，兩個(gè)沒有,我們一般要在倒裝里做選擇)
1、So badly was he hurt in the accident that he had to be sent to hospital.
2、Not only does he study well, but also he is always ready to help others.
3、Mary has done well in the English exam. So she has. She always does well in the exam.
高考英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法技巧
動(dòng)詞
(1)如果所給詞是動(dòng)詞，空格前是名詞或代詞，比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)候是動(dòng)名詞、不定式或者主語(yǔ)從句，那么這個(gè)空一定是缺謂語(yǔ)，所以要根據(jù)上下文判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。如the young man ________(present)the water to the old.根據(jù)上下文可以判斷是一般過(guò)去式presented.
(2)如果句子不缺謂語(yǔ)，而所給詞又是動(dòng)詞，如果能排除是詞形轉(zhuǎn)換題的話，那么這個(gè)空一定是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。學(xué)生要清楚的知道非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞以及他們的被動(dòng)式和完成時(shí)等。同時(shí)要記住動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)除了謂語(yǔ)之外的所有句子成分，多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生;動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ);現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，和邏輯主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已完成或者和邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
基本知識(shí)掌握后，還要關(guān)注上下文中提供的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)判斷是哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，比如watch,see, notice,hear等詞，那么有doing 和do 兩種情況，諸如此類的加動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的單詞和短語(yǔ)學(xué)生都積累了不少，所以只要做題時(shí)加以關(guān)注，還是沒有問(wèn)題的?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的判定比不定式和動(dòng)名詞要難，但是，只要記住固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)之外就是要找準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，尤其是主句之前或者之后出現(xiàn)了逗號(hào)這種情況，尤其要引起注意。如he spit it out, ______(say)it was awful.(saying)
名詞
名詞在語(yǔ)法填空中出現(xiàn)的幾率比較低，但是名詞卻是做自由填空的一個(gè)非常重要的參照物。名詞在提示性填空部分，最可能出現(xiàn)的題就是動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞這種形式。但是學(xué)生必須明確名詞的特點(diǎn)。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面必須有三類修飾限定詞：a.必須有a/an,the;b.必須有形容詞性的物主代詞;c.必須有指示代詞this或者that以及不定代詞。三者是必有其一，互不兼容。不可數(shù)名詞最顯著的特點(diǎn)就是不能與a/an連用，但是英語(yǔ)中要注意一詞多義的情況(如抽象名詞具體化)。
形容詞和副詞
首先，要讓學(xué)生確切的知道，形容詞在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞趾退幬恢?。a.形容詞可以放在名詞前面做定語(yǔ);b.形容詞可以在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ);c.形容詞可以放在賓語(yǔ)后做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。副詞在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞趾退幍奈恢谩.副詞放在動(dòng)詞的前后做動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ);b.副詞放在形容詞前做形容詞的狀語(yǔ);c.副詞放在副詞前面做狀語(yǔ)。這樣，學(xué)生會(huì)比較明確的判斷句子所缺的是什么。如，his teacher took a deep drink, smiled______(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(warmly)
其次，要明確形容詞和副詞之間的詞性和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)前文，學(xué)生能夠判斷句子卻的是形容詞還是副詞之后，根據(jù)上下文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和句子意思，通過(guò)加減前后綴的辦法把題目做正確。如2010年廣東卷考查了副詞warmly： ... His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water...另外，2007年廣東卷考查了副詞merrily：...We drank together and talked _______(merry) till far into the night... 第三，注意形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)別，同級(jí)比較用as...as...和not so...as...,其中要加形容詞副詞的原級(jí)。用形容詞和副詞取決于前面的動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞;比較級(jí)有比較連詞than或者根據(jù)上下文判斷有隱性的比較;最高級(jí)前面有標(biāo)志性的詞the。
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