初一英語上冊期末復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)匯總(2)
初一英語上冊期末復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)匯總
Unit4 Hobbies
1、all的部分否定和全否定:
肯定句:All the stars are the same. 所有的星星都是一樣的。
部分否定:Not all the stars are the same. = All stars are not the same.
全否定句:None of the stars are the same. (none /n∧n/ 所有都不)
2、It’s+ adj. + to do sth. 做什么事情是怎樣的。
It是形式主語,真正的主語是to do sth.
E.g.It’s important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. =Learning English well is important.
3、aswell as連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞用“就遠原則”,也就是跟最前邊的主語保持一致。
E.g.The teacher as well as the students wants to see the film.
4、when從句可放在主句前或后,當(dāng)位于主句之前時,句中要用逗號隔開。
5、when時間狀語從句中,主句與從句的時態(tài)要一致。
6、區(qū)別except/besides和except for:
except:指“(不包括本身在內(nèi)的)除……之外”,“-”
E.g.He gets up early every day except Sunday.
besides:指“(包括本身在內(nèi)的)除……之外”,“+”
E.g.Five others were late besides me.
exceptfor:指前后比較范圍是不同類型的
E.g.Except for one old man, the bus was empty.
Unit5 Encyclopaedias
1、當(dāng)neither…nor…連接兩個主語時,主謂一致采用“就近原則”,即跟后邊的那個主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。
E.g.Neither you nor she is wrong. Neither shenor you are wrong.
2、anumber of“許多的;大量的”,=many,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
E.g.A number of students are playing on the playground.
3、Countable& Uncountable Noun 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞:
單數(shù) | 復(fù)數(shù) | |
近 | this 這個 | these 這些 |
遠 | that 那個 | those 那些 |
●修飾可數(shù)名詞:不定冠詞(a, an),數(shù)詞many, (a)few, several, a number of
修飾不可數(shù)名詞:much, (a)little, a great deal of
共同的:some, all, a lot of, lots of
●可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法:
(1)一般在名詞后加-s:dog→dogs
(2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的名詞加-es:watch→watches
(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞改y為i再加es:country→countries
(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,加-s或-es:potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes
(5)以f, fe結(jié)尾的名詞,改f, fe為v加-es:knife→knives
(6)需要記憶的特殊復(fù)數(shù)形式
復(fù)合詞的復(fù)數(shù):改中心詞為復(fù)數(shù) girl student→girl students
一張紙 a piece of paper, 一條建議 a piece of advice, 一條新聞 a piece of news,
一支粉筆 a piece of chalk, 一瓶墨水 a bottle of ink, 一碗米飯 a bowl of rice,
一杯啤酒 a glass of beer, 一公斤鹽 a kilo of salt
易錯知識點歸類例析
[第一類] 名詞類
1.這些女老師們在干什么?
[誤] What are the woman teachers doing?
[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英語中,當(dāng)一名詞作定語修飾另一名詞(單或復(fù)數(shù)形式)時,作定語的名詞一般要用其單數(shù)形式;但當(dāng)man,woman作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式時,要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式men,women.
2.房間里有多少人?
[誤] How many peoples are there in the room?
[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人們”解時,是個集合名詞,其單復(fù)數(shù)同形。
3.我想為我兒子買兩瓶牛奶。
[誤] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時,常用“a / an或數(shù)詞+表量的可數(shù)名詞+ of + 不可數(shù)名詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu),其中當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時,表量的可數(shù)名詞要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
[第二類] 動詞類
4.你妹妹通常什么時候去上學(xué)?
[誤] What time does your sister usually goes to school?
[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助動詞do(或does)構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時,句中的謂語動詞用其原形。
5.琳達晚上經(jīng)常做作業(yè),但今晚她在看電視。
[誤] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV.
[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英語學(xué)習(xí)階段,我們接觸到了兩種主要時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作,常和often,usually,sometimes等時間狀語連用。在一般現(xiàn)在時的句子中,若主語是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式?,F(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在進行時由be(am / is / are)+ving形式構(gòu)成。
6這雙鞋是紅色的。
[誤] This pair of shoes are red.
[正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成雙成對的衣物或工具名詞前用pair(表計量)修飾時,謂語動詞的形式由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定。
[第三類] 代詞類
7.這張票是她的,不是我的。
[誤] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.
[正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞之分。形容詞性物主代詞之后一定要接名詞,而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接任何詞。
8.吳老師教我們英語。
[誤] Miss Wu teaches our English.
[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的賓語,因此當(dāng)sb.為人稱代詞時要用其賓格形式。
[第四類] 介詞類
9.你能找到這個問題的答案嗎?
[誤] Can you find the answer of this question?
[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英語中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有thekey to the door,the way to the zoo等。
10.格林先生星期六上午來這里。
[誤] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.
[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等時,介詞要用in;而表示在具體的某天上午、下午時,介詞要用on.
11.那個穿著紅裙子的小女孩是我們老師的女兒。
[誤] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介詞表示“穿戴衣物”時,只能用in,其他介詞沒有此用法。
[第五類] 副詞類
12.莉莉,你為什么不回家呢?
[誤] Lily,why don’t you go to home?
[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?
[析] come,go 等后接here,there,home等地點副詞時,地點副詞前不加to。
[第六類] 連詞類
13.我喜歡語文和英語,但我不喜歡體育和歷史。
[誤] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.and history.
[正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之間用and來連接;而在否定句中,并列成分之間的連接需用or。
[第七類] 冠詞類
14.乘飛機去北京花了史密斯一家人一個小時。
[誤] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.
[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.
[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用結(jié)構(gòu)“the + 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”;
2.our 一詞的第一個字母不發(fā)音,它是以元音音素開頭的,所以“一小時”要用an hour;
3.用介詞by表示“乘坐”某種交通工具時,交通工具名詞前不加任何冠詞。
[第八類] 句法類
15. ――你不是學(xué)生嗎? ――不,我是學(xué)生。
[誤] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No,I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes,I am.
[析] 對否定疑問句的回答是用Yes還是用No,這取決于實際情況:如果事實是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事實是否定的,就用No表“是的”。